How to build a pigsty

Today, many people in rural areas, guided by a variety of reasons, often decide to engage in animal husbandry.This is especially true if you allow existing land area and have the opportunity to create favorable conditions for growing animals.

Many are involved with breeding pigs - due to the rapid growth of piglets and soon enough return.However, before you buy young, you need to prepare the house for him, in which he would feel comfortable.From create conditions development will depend directly pig growth, and as a result - and the quality of the products.

How to build a pigsty in compliance with the existing rules, providing the animals with all the necessary, and will be discussed further in this publication.

Where to start planning?

accepted that the pigs are undemanding to cleanliness, but it is a profound mistake becausethey are careful enough, and even the "toilet" is usually satisfied in one corner of his pen.These animals should be kept warm and dry conditions - they are less sick, and are in a positive emotional state, which also depends on the quality of the final product.

Construction and dimensions pigsty largely depend on the purpose for which the pigs will be grown - for fattening or breeding pedigree pigs for sale.Therefore, this issue must necessarily be defined in advance.

The criteria for determining the size of construction

If you plan on breeding pigs for sale, for example, the construction can take quite a large pigsty, calculated on a boar-producer and five sows.

When creating a comfortable environment for the sow is able to produce one litter of piglets 8 ÷ 10, and within one year of farrowing can be realized twice.Given that at the time made immunizations and proper observance of sanitary norms in the room a pigsty, young survival is approximately 90%, we can conclude that for the year livestock replenished by 90 ÷ 100 piglets.

calculations must be done, starting from the normative data, with which you can define the area of ​​the pigsty, which will contain any number of animals from one to ten or more.

Provide necessary and that the pigpen is divided into different zones - machines and each of them is designed for a pig or a boar, a sow with piglets or calves.

This table lists the basic parameters that must be followed in the construction of any pigsty:

Name livestock	number of individuals in the machine	area of ​​the machine onone animal, m²
	When breeding	When breeding for fattening
Boars	1	8	8
Sows:
-holostye gestating and up to 2 months;	4	3	2
- gestating from 2 to 3 months;	2	6	3.5
- gestating 3 to 4 months;	1	6	5
- suckling piglets.	1	10	7.5
Piglets:
- up to five months	10 ÷ 12	0.6	0.5
- pig breeding from 5 to 8 months;	5 ÷ 6	1.15
- breeding boars from 5 to 8 months;	2 ÷ 3	1.6
- fattening pigs in a 5 ÷ 6 months;	20		0.7
- fattening pigs 6 ÷ 10 months.	15		1

Knowing what area should be given for each category of animal, it is important to take into account the length and width of the machine.

So, the length of each of the branches is determined from 2500 to 3000 mm, width of the main and transverse passages in the pig house must be at least 1500 mm, height of the walls of the room - usually in the range 1700 ÷ 1800 mm.

size calculation pigsty 5 sows with offspring per year and boar-producer, as well as three breeding pigs will be subject to a table and some other nuances as follows:

• 5 sows + 90 ÷ 100 litter + 1 boar + 3 tribalpig = 99 ÷ 100 goals.
• 90 ÷ 100 pigs per year from two different litters at the time, contain different machines.
• for sows with piglets must be provided 5 × 7,5 ÷ 10 m² = 37,5 ÷ 50 m².
• for boar-producer - 8 m².
• Senior pigs from the first litter of the year will require 1 m², for a later litter - 0,5 m² per individual.So it turns out:

- for older litters - 45 ÷ 50 × 1 m = 45 ÷ 50 m²;

- for younger pigs - 45 ÷ 50 × 0.5 m² = 22.5 ÷ 25 m²;

- 45 ÷ 50 m² + 22.5 m² ÷ 25 = 67.5 ÷ 75 m².

• For three tribal pigs withdrawn 1.15 m² for each - 3 × 1,15 m² = 3,45 m².
• Total turns out that the total area for the placement of the animals will be equal to 37.5 ÷ 50 67.5 + 8 + 75 ÷ + 3,45 = 116,45 ÷ 136,45 m²
• machine length 2,5 ÷ 3 m.they are better positioned in two rows along the walls, there are two longitudinal and one transverse.To find the length of the room, the calculated area is divided by a double length of the machine and add the width of the cross-passage:

116,45 ÷ 136,45 m²: (2,5 ÷ 3 × 2) +1,5 = 17,9 ÷ 182 m;

2,5 ÷ 3 × 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 ÷ 10 m - width of a pigsty.

• height of the walls of the machine should be 900 ÷ 1000 mm.

If the pigs are purchased only for fattening, and to a certain age will be in one machine, then each of them must be right to expect a large area, which is 1 m² per individual.If you do not think about it in advance, then later have to expand or seat of piglets on two different machines that require large expenditures for their heating.

Basic requirements for the construction and equipment pigsty

to comfort the growth and development of piglets, in addition to complying with the necessary size of the room, you need to take into account other factors that affect the general condition of the animals.

1 - concrete floor;

2 - Boardwalk;

3 - beams for carding;

4 - a lamp for illumination and (or) heating;

5 - feeder;

6 - Drinking bowl or container with water.

• Ventilation should be organized in such a way that occurred a sufficient ventilation of the room, but do not create strong drafts, walking on the bottom of the pigsty, or pigs can get sick.It is equally important to make the ventilation so bad odor pigsty is not spread all around - it is a vent pipe must be attached, and raise it to a certain height, which varies between 3 and 5 meters.
• To facilitate the task of cleaning the pigsty, it is recommended to equip wastewater animal waste.Withdrawal can be arranged in different ways, depending on the capabilities, serious training in animal husbandry, the number of individuals that will be kept in the room, and other factors.

• For quality of cleaning machines, as well as to ensure that animals need to be sure to drink water, so it is necessary to organize adequate supply in the pigsty.This can also be done in different ways, depending on the distance and power level winter temperatures in the region.
• not do in this room without lighting and heating it in the winter.In small, well-insulated stables sometimes do without additional heating or the use of infrared lighting system, cable system "warm floor" or specialized heating systems for livestock facilities.

• necessary to carefully consider the location and the number of windows.It is better if they are small and located on the ceiling, at the top of the wall as a strong direct lighting pigsty negative effect on animals - they get restless, which is bad for weight gain.

• to the heating system, furnished in a pigsty, was effective and did not bring high costs, it is recommended to carry out insulation of its walls on the outside, or that willmuch better to fill the gap between the inner insulation of external and internal walls during their construction.
• In summer animal is recommended to organize an open paddock, in which they will be able to go straight from the pig house - it is usually placed at the rear part of the building.Nevertheless, it is desirable, but optional condition pigs content.

choice of location for the construction of

calculate all the structural parameters, taking into account all that is necessary to create favorable conditions for growinganimals, you can go to the selection of a suitable place for building a pigsty.

importance of this moment in any case can not be underestimated, otherwise good undertakings end is unpleasant.

• If the room is a pigsty will always be high humidity, it is very bad effect on the health of pigs, which are constantly sick, gain weight poorly and have low activity.Under such conditions, survival rate of young animals is reduced by 45-50% compared to litters which are in a favorable environment.Therefore, it can not be installed in the hollow portion of a pigsty, because under it will collect moisture, and on evaporation - get into the room, condensing on building structures.The lowlands are usually thicker and longer is the morning mist.All this will lead to what will appear in the pigpen mold colonies or other pathogenic organisms, which will necessarily have a negative impact on the population's health.

property must be on the hill, only premises it will be dry and clean the walls of the fungus.

• second condition, already important for site owners and their neighbors is a pigsty distance from residential buildings.It is usually set at a distance of at least 12 ÷ 15 meters from the property, at the end of the plot.Well, if there is agreement between the neighbors - then we can arrange a placement hozpostroek for growing animals about one area of ​​territories and thus avoid recriminations and quarrels.

Remove from piggery house, as well as other buildings for animals and birds, it is necessary for several reasons:

- to unpleasant odor does not enter the premises.

-To protect the house from the large number of flies and other insects that are always close to the animals.

- In addition, we can not exclude the appearance of rats, as in pens for pigs is always something to profit.

Construction pigsty

foundation for pigsty

defined the installation location, you can proceed to the preparatory work in the construction zone.If

intended to make a small pigsty, then under his suit tape or pier foundation as a heavy load on it will not fall out, and make it too deep - not necessarily.With the construction of the large pig-breeding complex, the foundation you need to organize a full-fledged, deepening the tape into the ground not less than 700 ÷ 800 mm.

works on arrangement of the foundations under the walls is as follows:

• first step on the ground made the foundation of the location marking and its width.

• Further, according to the planned lines, the width of the foundation is removed a layer of fertile soil to a depth of 150 ÷ ​​170 mm.
• If the piggery to be placed upon the waste drain pipe, then immediately planned direction of its laying on the future structure of the waste to the pit.Before digging trenches for laying pipes from the surface also need to remove the top layer of soil.Trench dug itself simultaneously with excavation for the foundation.
• If you plan to hold the water in a pigsty, then the water pipe trench dug at the same stage of excavation device.But that water was in the building all year round, the room should be well insulated.The very same pipe in the ground should pass nizhu level of soil freezing, usually at least 500 ÷ 600 mm.

• After the pit and trenches will be ready, you need to immediately implement a lining pipe.Sewer is brought to the site of the future flow inside the room, and tap into the region inside the pigsty, where the edge is installed.The pipe ends must be temporarily shut down, tying them with polyethylene, so they do not hit the ground.

How to build a strip foundation

Next, you can start pouring the foundation.How to do it right, and that this process is necessary, you can learn by reading the article of our portal dedicated independent construction of strip foundation .

Features floor constructions in a pigsty

floor in the pigsty machines can be equipped by different ways.To select one of the options, you need to consider the most common.

first option

This method can be called the most difficult, for its arrangement will require much effort.

In the interior of the finished strip foundation to install brick columns, which will be a reliable support for the flooring grid floor.Between the walls of the strip foundation is formed by the inclined surface toward the opening of the pipe sewers.The slope may be directed to the center of the space, and which must be connected sewer pipe or the central part of the crawl space for settling the trough.In the latter case, the slope is only on two opposite walls of a trough, which is directed into the sewer.