How to make a doorway in the wall carrier

to optimize the layout of the apartment, the functionality changes in some rooms or combining two rooms into one, can not do without this work, as the organization of new doorways.

Most walls in prefabricated housesbearing and are not subject to demolition.But the right approach can make an opening in the wall carrying it in any place.It is only necessary to take into account the characteristics of all the walls, and comply with all rules and regulations of the cutting opening.The procedure of opening a new manufacturing can be divided into three stages: the punching of the opening, his finishing and decoration.

opening project and its coordination

In multi-storey buildings are bearing almost all the walls.Dismantling them without a proper authorization is illegal and can carry consequences.Before the production of the opening, you must obtain the appropriate permissions in charge of this organization.This is necessary not only for personal safety, but also in order to obtain all the necessary information about the type of the wall and its features to penetrate and strengthen the aperture correctly.

properly reinforced opening in the bearing wall can be installed in any area with a few exceptions: the openings can not be done under the joints bearing plate beams, slabs, can not violate the integrity of the columns and pillars.Because the organization of the opening should be started only with the hands on the floor plan.

How to break the opening

After all of harmonization and have a ready project with the resolution, you can begin to work.Their algorithm looks like this:

• marking the wall at the next opening.Be sure to mark the spot where the bridge will be located.Jumper - it is the fastening structure that will support the plate after cutting holes in it.Jumper is bonded to each other channels, their most optimal number - two.opening devices in this part nesuscheystene without dangerous consequences for the entire building.
• When a cue point placed in the corners of the rectangle formed holes drilled through.As a result, the operating points are obtained on the other side of the wall.
• If work is carried out at a brick wall, it is necessary to check whether the jumper prop all of its elements.To do this, you need to take some of the finishing in the points at which the plan will be set channel, and adjust the layout for horizontal masonry brick.

• a chisel and a hammer breaks the niche in which the jumper is inserted further.
• drill or punch holes are made through the bolt.
• formed niche at one end is filled with a solution, and the other channel is inserted.On the reverse side of the wall in the same way set the second channel.The space between these two structures and the wall is filled with mortar.Concrete is not only fill the space for tightening fasteners jumper.
• Channel bars pull together with one another by means of bolts.They passed through the left hole, clothes washers and nuts, twist.It is best to use channels 20 mm in diameter, spacing between them - 40 cm.
• Further work is carried out only after complete drying of the solution.
• Cutting openings in bearing walls is performed sequentially, so as not to disturb the integrity of the entire wall.The work is carried out gradually and in small portions.Drill holes across the grid area through each 2-3 cm diameter holes - 10-12 mm.The holes should be as that between them could hold 10-12 squares.
• diamond cutting circle or diamond-coated grinder to cut holes obtained by whole body opening.Dust of that effort can be removed using a vacuum cleaner or the construction of water gate.
• Divide the total opening area of ​​10-12 squares that are then removed.The opening ready, it remains only to strengthen and decorate it.

Tip: if not planned repair of floor in the room, which is organized by the new doorway, it is recommended to lay the boards.

Strengthening the opening in the bearing wall

Before decorating the new opening, it must be strengthened in order to avoid cracking and deformation of the walls.The most common ways to gain:

• single-row - ordinary amplification channels, suitable for concrete and masonry walls;
• angled - openings okantovyvayut area;
• Korobkov, double row with tie pin - combines both single-row and angled way to gain the most complex and major version, which is suitable for complex structures and bearing walls.

single-row reinforcement has already been described above.It is preliminary and represents the organization structure of the two channels, which are tightened with bolts and reinforced concrete.This design has the disadvantage that requires further decoration - channels protrude from the wall by the width of the shelf and can spoil the look of the room and opening.

angled reinforcement is most often used in prefabricated houses.In this case, the opening two frames reinforce the corners of which are installed on both sides of the wall and connect to each other with steel plates on all sides of the door opening.In addition, the structure can be strengthened anchor pins or valve, which is mounted on the chemical anchors.

size over the selected proceeding from the floor on which the works are carried out, the plate thickness and the total number of storeys of the building.The minimum size of the part - 63h5 mm, maximum - 140h90h 12 mm.Very reliable method of amplification, as after construction can be mounted podchekanit her joints between wall and steel frame.

Korobkov, two-row reinforcement is the most thorough type of skin opening.It is important for dilapidated buildings, in which metal structure in the opening needs to strengthen the concrete or masonry, and not contribute to its destruction.For this purpose all seams and gaps between the structure and the wall are filled with self-expanding solution.The installation and use of this design corners and channels, which are located throughout the length of the opening.

external finish doorway

After all the work you need to decorate a doorway.You can use wood, plastic, drywall, decorative stone or plaster mixture.The last option is the most attractive for their durability and environmental friendliness.Due to lack of joints and edging finished slope will look more presentable.Another plus plaster - a solution fills all the cracks and voids, and will further strengthen the entire structure.Process door slopes plaster looks like this:

1. The first step is to once again ensure the reliability of the entire structure and then start making solution.The solution is prepared in a ratio of 1: 3 - 1 3 shovel cement sand shovels.
2. for this type of work using a template that can be made of any durable sheet material.If you do not plan to install the door in the opening, the corners must be protected with the help of angular profiles.They are placed on both sides of the opening, and the space between them is filled with a solution, immediately removing all its excess and leveling the surface.
3. After drying the solution, the doorway paint over paint based on acrylic. Tip: plaster the top of the opening in the solution may be to add a bit of plaster, it will speed up the process of hardening and the layers will not fall away.
4. For deep doorways can be used plasterboard finish.Plus, this type of finish is also the fact that it is easy to give an aperture of any shape.

finishing drywall is very simple:

1. The large leaf cut strip that matches the size of the doorway.
2. opening surface treated alabaster or cement to smooth, to fill all the voids under the slope.
3. Plasterboard glued to the surface with adhesive.You can attach sheets to the special L-shaped profile.
4. The opening is covered with decorative plaster.
5. can not use drywall, and plastic panels or decorative stone.But the most durable and reliable way to trim door slopes experts admit cement screed, which has already been described above.The doorway is subject to a variety of mechanical effects that drywall or plastic panels can not stand.In case of violation of their integrity will be necessary to replace the entire slope design.Cement same screed can be easily repaired and put in the original appearance.

Decor doorway

If door openings in load-bearing walls are open, ie, without subsequent installation in these doors, it gives a wide space of fantasy in the future holes decor.To organically enter the new opening in the whole room, you can use the following tips.

• Doorway framing arch. This variant design is one of the most popular.It helps to smooth out the rough edges of the door opening, remove unnecessary door, freeing up space for them to take a picture or a shelf.There are two main options for the organization of the arch.The first is ideal for a narrow opening.To implement it at the top of the opening set, slim design - frame, which is the basis for the profile.Frame sheathe plywood or plasterboard.The second option is suitable for wide openings, it helps to create intricate designs form, as you can create any frame configurations over a larger area.In imitation of the side portions are fixed U-shaped pillars, it gives a special style and sophistication.The opening can be painted or plastered under a stone or marble, stucco or draw molding.Another interesting solution for a wide opening - set of shelves in it.When mounting frame leaves room for built-in shelves of equipment on the side of the opening.Body of arches can be made asymmetrical or symmetrical, any radius.

• Making mosaic or stained glass. Exposed opening decorated with stained glass and mosaic tiles.They are sold in any store goods for repair and construction materials.Glued sheets of the decoration is simple: on small sections of the wall is applied to the adhesive, which immediately attach small patches decorating, you need to move up and down.
• Making columns and half-columns. This type of decor looks luxurious, but is only suitable for openings in rooms with high ceilings -. 2.5 m Columns are available in the form of hollow structures, which consist of a body, base and capitals.They just cut and install.Semi-colonies and cover pipes and risers in a confined space, to improve the interior.
• Decoration molding. These products are available in a variety of configurations and can be very ornate.Molding attach adhesive and then coated with paint of any color.
• Making curtains. Curtains can be purchased ready-made or make yourself.The original design decision - the curtains, consisting of beads strung on thread and decorative elements of any shape.For the manufacture of such decoration is only necessary to consider the color, purchase materials and to strengthen the ledge above the door opening, which then consolidates the product.Experts in human psychology conducted a series of studies that have shown that the curtains of hanging threads a beneficial effect on the mood, give positive emotions and create the interior comfort.