The construction of the garage of foam blocks

Dream vast majority of car owners - a spacious and comfortable garage for his car.For motorists of major cities, alas, that dream is very difficult, and often - and simply can not be translated into actual implementation.But the owners of country houses have a garage in their territory - just "indecent" and its construction has necessarily thought out a total design of future development.

But of hours his his erect?Putting metal assembly - serious , good conditions for car it not create.Collect garage of sandwich panels - a good option, but not everyone is available for various reasons.Wood - highly flammable, brick - too time consuming .And why not stay on this version, as the construction of the garage of the foam blocks?And it turns out the building capital, and the problem is half solved the insulation, and the construction itself is not takes too much time.

What attracts the construction of the garage of the foam blocks?

First of all,what does the present concrete blocks.This is - one of the varieties of building materials from cellular (porous) concrete.At the stage of the manufacture of mortar mass her , besides the usual components - foaming - cement , sand and water softeners, special additives are introduced.Depending on the type of these additives and the mechanism producing the foaming effect is obtained either aerated or foamed concrete.

• So if the chemical components are introduced, causing a strong reaction with components of cement with an active gas (oxygen, hydrogen, acetylene), aerated concrete is obtained.When you exit the still uncured material gases leave a lot of open pores sufficiently large size, that determined by the physical characteristics of received blocks - they differ high steam - and permeability, that not always goodfor the construction of outdoor facilities.
• the production of foam introduced chemically neutral substance, and the process is called an active foam with simultaneous stirring its aeration - aeration (something similar happens with the foaming detergent).As a result, the pores obtained closed (no gas is pressurized and does not seek to go outside).These units are more compact, durable, have considerably less hygroscopic, and it can be used for the construction of residential and ancillary buildings, including garages.

The resulting foam is cut into structural elements of different sizes.For walling most commonly used blocks - parallelepipeds with sides of 600 × 300 × 200 mm. for internal partitions can be used so-called block halves - 600 × 300 × 100 mm.

Modern production lines allow to produce blocks with high geometric accuracy - error in size from quality products should not exceed 1 - 2 mm.

Some species foam blocks are provided at the ends of the hinge Paso-ridge part.Such material is, of course, more expensive but proce ss cells adki greatly simplified.

on technological purpose foam concrete blocks are divided into three categories:

• Insulating, brand D400 - D500 (the number after the letter D represents the density of the material - kg / m³).Class by compressive strength is low, and frost resistance - generally not standardized, as for public works such material is not used, and for the construction of the garage he was not fit .
• structurally insulating foam has a much greater versatility.His mark on density - from D600 to D1000, for strength - from the M25 to the M100 (number - the ability to withstand mechanical stress in kg / cm²), and freezeproof 0 class from F15 to the F75 (the number of guaranteed cycles of deep freezing and thawing without any loss of strengthqualities).The level of its thermal conductivity is low.So, one of the most used in private construction foam D800 has a thermal conductivity of the entire index 0,18 Kcal / m³ × ° C.
• Structural foam is used exclusively for the construction of the structure elements, as the quality of its insulation is not so good. Nevertheless , and they are superior, for example, the usual brick is almost doubled.building blocks density is 1100 - 1200 kg / m³, the brand strength reaches M150 ÷ ​​M170.If the insulation of the walls is not the determining factor, then this kind of blocks perfectly suitable for the construction of the garage.

The main advantages of the construction of the garage I of foam blocks:

• The low density of the material greatly facilitates the construction of the garage itself.You can do a shallow strip foundations.
• units easy to use due to low weight - no lifting techniques or excessive physical effort. However , their large size speeds up the process of building walls.

• Foam concrete is easy to process - drilled , cut, milled, without the use of any special equipment.
• material is clean in terms of the environment, does not pollute the environment and do not not set danger of living organisms.
• Closed pore foam allows to spread the wall almost at ground level, without a high plinth.
• have foam - excellent sound-absorbing properties, which is especially important for such technical structures, as garages.
• blocks of foam do not give a large shrinkage after the construction - after 3 ÷ 4 weeks may be carried out the finish, do not fear for her integrity.

have this material and certain disadvantages that must be considered:

• Enough high moisture absorption makes mandatory the finish of the walls with the creation of protection from the weather.
• There certain complexity using fastening elements - not all the plugs well kept in aerated concrete wall.However, to find the right - special is not working.

• Foam concrete blocks do not have good water vapor permeability, so be sure to carefully thought out the question of ventilation space to it in not created damp atmosphere.

Video: What you should know about foam blocks

Building garage of foam blocks - steps work

whole process of the construction of the garage is divided into several stages:

• Drafting,holding calculations required amount of materials.
• device foundation.At this stage often immediately solve the problem with the garage floor coating equipment and a viewing hole.
• Walling garage, installation of gates.
• Construction of the roof.
• exterior and interior walls, ventilation arrangement.

Drawing garage project, preparation of materials

Without deliberate project to start construction even such a simple building, a garage, you can not.The document is available in several ways:

• Many model projects placed in Internet .The difficulty, however, is that they were once developed under certain criteria areas and requests of customers, and can not fully meet the actual existing conditions.
• most correct way - to apply to the specialized design organization, which workers carry out all necessary surveying and architectural calculations.The main drawback of this approach - these services cost money.
• optimal sees the decision to take one of the ready-made designs, the most suitable to the existing conditions, take into account their preferences and wishes and try to perform a final project on their own.There is not necessarily drawings, performed in compliance with all the rules of graphic - important a clear understanding of the volumes and sequence of all the upcoming work.

project must have accurate snap to the site, dedicated a garage, with a view of planned structure size, its inner his device.Just thought out the functionality of the room - whether it's just for a po kc I car placement, or there may arrange a small workshop with shelves under tool, workbench, other equipment.

• immediately planned roof structure.If it is pent , then ensure slope is necessary to provide the difference in the height of the walls.
• thickness of the walls in the construction of the foam blocks can also be different.For the central and southern regions often enough thickness of 200 mm (without accounting exterior decoration).Thus, each block area close to 300 mm × 600 = 0.18 m².If a garage is built into climate zone with severe winters, that the GDS is better to make the wall thickness - 300 mm, and, accordingly, placed so unit will already be as low as 600 × 200 mm = 0.12 m².

On this basis, it is easy to calculate the required amount of blocks.Calculate the total area of ​​the walls with a net of opening doors and windows (if they are scheduled).Then, the resulting value will be divided into one unit area in the selected position to define the desired amount.Usually to the result add 10% reserve.

Standard factory packaging foam concrete blocks - 40 pieces per pallet.Uncomplicated calculation shows that it is 1.44 m³ volume of 7.2 m² at a thickness of walls of 200 mm or 4.8 m² at the wall of 300 mm.The net weight of the package is easy to determine by multiplying the 1.44 mark on the density of the selected material - it may need when planning transport delivery of foam concrete blocks.

• To fill the basement and garage floor devices require conventional concrete mix ingredients - cement (at least M400), sand, gravel.Reinforcement of these structures involves the use of the valve section 10 - 12 mm.In addition, the need for the reinforcement and strengthening of masonry wall - there is sufficient diameter of 8 mm.
• to create waterproofing between the foundation and walls of the web material needs.Typically, a high-quality roofing material, but still better to apply gidrostekloizol , which is placed on a layer of bitumen mastic.
• separate conversation about the mortar.You can certainly use a conventional cement-sand, but it will require sufficiently thick seams between the blocks, and this - a stable "cold bridges" through which heat from the room will quickly go out.The uniqueness of working with foam concrete in the fact that it is possible to apply the special construction adhesive composition.In this case, the seams not exceed 2 ÷ 3 mm in thickness, and the wall will turn out very smooth.

The structure of this adhesive contains special additives which give it excellent adhesion to cellular concrete, create a very strong bond blocks.If you choose be sure to pay attention to the acquired adhesive it was designed for outdoor use, that is, possessed adequate frost.

adhesive price should scare, though it is certainly higher than that of plain concrete solution.However, consumption is reduced by 6 - 7 times, and eventually achieved total savings of at least 2 times.

Important - Work with adhesive will be possible, if the acquired quality foam concrete blocks, seasoned with geometric dimensions, otherwise the benefits of a reduced to zero.

breakdown on the ground.Fill foundation

If the project is ready, you can begin to plan for the transference of the garage area.

the corners of the future structure of the pegs are driven, between which stretch cords.Straightness carefully calibrate all angles.It is immediately on the spot, more time to evaluate the location of the garage, no interference to open the gate, driveway and other important nuances.

Foam concrete - a material light enough , so that a stable ground would be enough of a shallow strip foundation.

• Along the perimeter of the future structure of the trench off depth of 700 mm and a width of 200 ÷ 300 mm longer than the planned thickness of the wall.
• At the bottom is poured sand cushion thickness of 100 mm, well compacted.Top her similar manner laid gravel layer.
• Set formwork.Section height above ground level at the lowest point can be 150 ÷ ​​200 mm.It is important to accurately set the maximum horizontal level cap - when working with concrete blocks it is of particular importance.
• Inside formwork stretches waterproofing coating (eg, polyethylene film), so that the edges out along the walls of the top outward.After that set a reinforcing belt - usually 4 valves located rectangle and interconnected webs.
• Poured ordinary concrete solution, carried out a thorough alignment of the surface.The term solidification and curing - not less than 3 ÷ 4 weeks.

• Simultaneously with pouring of the foundation can be provided and the floor arrangement in garage - no walls will greatly simplify this process.The total thickness of the reinforced screed without accounting sand-gravel cushion, shall be not less than 100 mm, because the coating must freely withstand considerable loads on the vehicle weight.

• At this stage, it is necessary to think and arrangement of a viewing hole, if it is planned. Its depth should be about 1, 8m , width - 0,9 - 1, 0 m .The walls of her can either put a brick or concrete pour in stages with optional reinforcement, gradually moving up the formwork.The edges of the viewing hole framed by a metal area that will simultaneously serve as a beacon when pouring the floor screed.

If the soil at the site unstable, distending , the tape base may not be enough.Foam concrete blocks do not like stress fracture, and subsidence or ground vibrations can give a crack.

In this case, one of the following options can be elected:

• Pour solid "floating" foundation - a monolithic slab, on which all further construction will take place.However, in this case, have right to refuse inspection pit or cellar.