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August 12, 2017 18:06

How to choose a pump for the well - pump types and their differences

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have on site private well - the dream of many gardeners.However, the well itself is a source of water.For fast and efficient delivery to the surface of the well pump is used.Over the millennia that have passed since the first pump of the invention, a large number of various types of hydraulic machines.They differ in design and principle of operation, type of accommodation and the type of the fluid, a power source and application.In this case, the fluid type is defined a given application area.The rest of the pumps for the wells may differ significantly from each other.To select the desired type should be familiar with their classification.

How to choose a pump for well

How to choose a pump for the well

pumps accommodation types

depending on whether the pump is submerged in the water (fully or partially) or not, distinguish 3 types of pumps:

  • surface;
  • submersible;
  • semisubmersible.

Surface pumps as their name implies, are located on the surface, above the level of the fluid.

Surface pump Sample

surface pump Sample

The design of these pumps provides for a suction hose which one end is immersed in the liquid source.Because the pump is submerged in water, and is on the surface, it is convenient to service, to conduct maintenance and repair work.Another advantage of this type of pumps is that their location may be embodied as a neck close to the well, and at some distance from it.The disadvantages include the fact that the surface pumps are very sensitive to the cleanliness of the pumped fluid.If it contains highly viscous and abrasive impurities pump can become clogged and fail.In addition, the depth of the water lifting them rarely exceeds 7-9 meters.If you need to pump water from a deep well, it will be necessary to install an additional external ejectors.In this case, the maximum depth can be up to 40-50 meters.

Submersible pumps are working in a fully submerged.

submersible pump Sample

Sample submersible pump

Often their installation is carried out in the bottom of the tank with fluid, but the sump pump is usually mounted at a relatively shallow depth, to avoid getting sand from the bottom of the well mule.In this case, the pump unit must be included float switch protects the pump from the "dry run" - works without pumping water.The cooling of the pump motor is carried out directly by the pumped liquid, so "dry running" quickly lead to overheating and failure.From this it can save additional cooling jacket, but it complicates the design and increases the cost of the pump.The most important advantage of these pumps is that they can carry out water supply from a depth of over 80 meters.Suction filter protects pump from coarse dirt and completely immersed state ensures a high level of noise isolation.The disadvantage is the complexity of service - for this the pump must be raised to the surface.In addition, the sealed enclosure is difficult to indiscriminately.

Semi-submersible pumps installed on a special float, so immersed in the liquid part of the pump only, and the air-cooled engine is located on the surface.

Submersible pump sample

submersible pump sample

main advantage of semi-submersible pumps compared with submersible is that they can work with a small level of fluid.They could be widely applied in circumstances where the use of other kinds of pumps impossible or difficult - for example, when the depth of water in the well is not more than 1-1.5 meters.However, air-cooled engine imposes a limitation on the ambient temperature - no more than 40-50 degrees Celsius.The use of these pumps is possible only in open spaces and in the wells, they quickly overheat and fail.Therefore, submersible pumps should never be used as a manhole.

The principle of operation of the pump for the well

forces that move the liquid medium inside the pump, and diversified nature may be - it may be a pressure force or the force of inertia.In connection with this are 2 main types of pumps:

  • volume;
  • dynamic.

Principle displacement pumps is based on the working fluid filling the chamber with subsequent displacement.

Principle pump

mechanics of this process may be different.One of the most common methods - the use of a reciprocating movement at a high frequency: a vibrator performs thousands of oscillations per minute.In the first phase of movement in a vacuum processing chamber through which it receives the liquid portion.In the second phase the motion of the vibrator in the reverse direction, thereby creating high pressure fluid intake valve locking and ejecting the contents through the working chamber outlet valve.These pumps are also referred to as "vibration".They do not react to voltage fluctuations in the network and contamination of the pumped liquid.A vibration transmitted to the body is able to cause waves in the liquid medium and the rise of sediment.The advantages of vibration pumps include the relative simplicity of design and reliability.Under

dynamic pumps often understand centrifugal pumps in which fluid pressure is created due to the centrifugal force arising due to the impact on the fluid rotating the impeller blades.

An example of the dynamic operation of the pump

An example of a dynamic pump

liquid, located between the wheel blades during rotation is displaced to the periphery and further to the outlet channel, and in the central part of the vacuum formed spanning new liquid portion of the input channel.Depending on the number of impellers distinguish single and multistage centrifugal pumps.The latter allow to achieve a higher flow rate.

Specifications pumps

Regardless of the type of accommodation and the operating principle of the pump when it is necessary to consider the choice of the required technical specifications, such as performance and pressure.And they depend on the characteristics of the operation and architecture of the entire water system.

Pump must correspond to the number of consumers and consumption intensity.Thus, water consumption per person is about 200 liters per day.This included a shower consumes 9 liters per minute, the crane - 6. For the watering of 1 m?garden takes 3 to 5 liters per day.But this figure may vary considerably, depending on weather and soil type.

Ensuring minimum level pressure is a prerequisite for water delivery to the final consumer.This is calculated in meters, taking into consideration that for every 10 meters of the pipeline lost 1 meter head.The minimum level of pressure is the vertical distance from the highest point of the system up to the level at which the pump is located, plus 20% of the length of all water pipes.To ensure good water pressure at the outlet to the result you need to add another 10-15 meters.

setting for the well pump

Features pump installation depends on the type of its placement.

Surface pump can be installed in the immediate vicinity of the well, or in a separate room.The latter method is preferred, if the pump is supposed to be used during the cold season.In addition, such an arrangement will reduce the noise impact on the environment of the pump and protect it from external factors.It must be remembered about the loss of pressure when using too long the water system.Therefore, experts advise not to place the pump on 12 meters from the well.

submersible pump is mounted with the connected pipeline.It is suspended on a strong kapron cord at a depth of not less than 1 meter from the bottom.Minimum and maximum immersion depth can be different for different brands.When using the vibratory pump, it is desirable to avoid its contact with the walls of the well.This contact not only create fluctuations in the water and as a result, will cause the slurry rise, but will not be safe for most pump designs.If you avoid contact with the walls can not be on the pump must be put on the rubber ring.

Analyzing the types of pumps and their installation features, being able to calculate the required capacity and pressure, it is possible to choose the pump that is ideally suited for your environment.But the market every year there are new models to keep up with them a layman it is simply impossible.Therefore, before buying is not superfluous to talk with a counselor in the store - it can suggest the most cost-effective solution.

Video - how to choose a pump for the well

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