Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

ventilation in the bathroom and the toilet is a prerequisite, as it is in these areas increased overall humidity and odors are usually present.If the ventilation system is not installed or are not efficient enough, the bathrooms in the rooms, not only will remain persistent odor, but also quickly create a favorable climate for the development of mold and mildew, which is very difficult to fight.

Everyone knows that the steam and hot air rises, and if they do not find the exit, most of the vapor will sit on the surface of the ceiling and the top of the wall, where most and can besee black spots microflora colonies.We must not forget that any fungus reproduces with spores that are released into the air.Together with the air then they inhaled the household, and this can cause allergic reactions, respiratory illnesses, asthma and other serious ailments.

therefore recommended that, without waiting for the formation of the first signs of dampness and referred to its consequences, to set the ventilation system, and then to maintain it clean.

Basically, the question of carrying out an effective ventilation system rises to the owners of private houses, as in high-rise buildings is pre-laid in the building project, and the air ducts are separated in the room bathrooms and kitchens.However, and for owners of apartments information may be helpful - not always "full-time" ventilation system to fully perform its duties, and its work is required to make certain adjustments.

types of ventilation systems

First of all, you should be familiar with the existing room ventilation systems.

Ventilation systems are divided into two basic types - natural and forced.

• Natural ventilation is only due to the free movement of air from areas of high pressure to a lower, ie, without the use of special equipment and devices.It is this type of ventilation is designed in apartments most high-rise buildings.ventilation window size (vents) in the bathroom and toilet (separate or combined) and in the kitchen, configuration and bandwidth to vent risers are designed in such a way as to give the natural movement of air from the living quarters to the desired volume of air.

• Forced ventilation involves the installation of fans.Very often, such a system is installed in bathrooms and kitchens of private homes.However, some homeowners in high-rise buildings, wishing to improve the ventilation of premises, set in a fan and apartments.

addition, forced ventilation systems are divided, according to their main functions, the following types:

• exhaust ventilation.In this system, the rising air under the ceiling with a fan is drawn and discharged through special channels in the street.Typically, such a scheme is used in conjunction with a natural ventilation system.This is - the most common option for private construction conditions.

For example, the illustration shows a variant of natural ventilation is carried out by means of air intake from the street, with its further forced through the kitchen tap and sanitary purpose of the premises.

• Ventilation - in this system, the fan runs at the air supply, and the output for the full cycle of aeration produced naturally through ventilation ducts.In practice, in a residential building of such a scheme is used infrequently - is more important to create the conditions for effective air flows out to the extent necessary.
• air handling system means and injecting air into the room, and the forced diversion of them.Characteristic for the volume structures for large-area buildings, which features natural inflow and outflow of air is not enough.

Types fans

Since the most effective for the residential building it is exhaust ventilation system with natural air flow through "clean" living quarters and forced it to be allocated through the kitchen and bathroom, it is worth a few words to say about the exhaust fan.They are divided into types according to the places of their installation - this axial duct, roof and radial.

• Axial wall (overhead) fans.

Axial fan consists of a housing, having a form of a cylinder, which is located inside the wheel with cantilevered blades mounted on the motor axis.When rotating blades capture the air and intensify its diversion from the premises.

This type of device is attached to the duct box on the wall (or ceiling), bathroom or toilet.It is very easy to install due to the intelligent design, and quite aesthetically pleasing looks, so it can be called the most popular for installation in a private home, as well as in housing conditions.

• Duct fans

Duct axial fans used in the household practice not so long ago and not so widespread as an overhead axis, as their self-assembly is rather complicated.However, sometimes you can not do without them, for example, when the room is ventilated area greater than 15 m².

Duct fans installed and in those cases, when they want to reduce noise from the operation of the device in the room bathrooms or other rooms of a private house.

This type of fan can be installed in different parts of the ventilation duct.Its special feature in the box body, or it may itself be a connecting element for the two ventilation pipe parts.It is important that the instrument had free access, since it is necessary to periodically clean and lubricate.

ducts, which are installed in the duct fans, are of three types - a flexible, semi-rigid and rigid.

Flexible channels are installed quite easily, so they are chosen more often.However, they are less reliable, and their life is much smaller than that of rigid or semi-rigid duct.Prudent owner will certainly make a choice in favor of reliability.

• Centrifugal fans

radial fan comprises a motor located on the axis of rotation with the blades, which is placed in a closed metal box having a characteristic spiral shape.

During operation, the fan blades begin to rotate, capturing room air, which flows through the fan casing outlet opening in the duct.

to install in homes is recommended to choose radial fans with blades, curved blades back.Although they have somewhat lower rates created pressure, such devices have better "linearity" in the regulations, a large working range and, most importantly, not as noisy as compared to fans with forward curved blades.

Centrifugal fans tolerate high loads and quite economical to operate.

• Roof fans

As can be seen already from the name of these devices, they are installed on the roofs of apartment buildings and private houses.The design

roof fans includes elements such as a motor, on the paddle wheel axis of rotation, vibration isolators (damper) laying device for autoregulation.

Roof fan may be an axial, radial or multi-blade design.The latter is most needed, as less whimsical and delivers high performance at the lowest cost of electricity.

forced ventilation system can be operated in automatic or manual mode, have one or more levels of pumping speeds.

• Unregulated ventilation regime has only two positions: "on" and "off".
• become more flexible system with multiple speeds, which are selected switch.
• most economical to use fans with variable speed, which is attached to the impeller rotation speed sootvetstvschaya desired current load on the system.Speed ​​change occurs smoothly enough, with special automatic control units.

basic standards and requirements for the organization of ventilation

It's time to turn to select the desired fan for the bathroom and toilet.But once the main question will arise of its most important characteristic - productivity, ie the ability to pump a certain volume of air per unit of time.

In this aspect, it would be difficult to understand, if not to start to get acquainted with the basic regulations on the organization of ventilation in a building or apartment.

Relying on this issue is necessary on the main guidelines - the relevant sections and annexes SNIP 41-01-2003 ( "HVAC") and SNIP 2.08.01-89 * ( "Residential buildings").

According to the requirements of this document forced artificial ventilation system must be installed in those areas where it is needed on the health standards, but the natural ventilation, ie, a window or ventilator, they lack ventilation or normal enough.

To refer the reader to the tables SNIP, below is a summary of information that will be required for the calculation of ventilation.

zone

Type	norms ventilating	Notes
	air intake from outside	Exhaust fan out
premises residential	multiplicity of ventilation - not less than 0.35 times / hour, but the flow of at least 30 m³ per person.	-	calculation is the total volume of the whole apartment (house) or the number of actual living people
3 m³ per 1 m² of premises	-	calculation is carried out on the area of ​​residential homes
Kitchen	influx of premises residential area
· with electric	-	not less than 60 m³ / h
· with a 2-burner gas stove	-	least 60m³ / h
· with a 3-burner gas stove	-	not less than 75 m³ / h
· with 4-burner gas stove	-	least 90m³ / h
Bathroom	influx of premises residential area	least 25 m³ / h
closet separate	influx of premises residential area	least 25 m³ / h
bathroom combined (bathroom + WC) individual	influx of premises residential area	least 50 m³ / h

There snip, of course, rules and more specific visits dryers, ironingallocated and other laundry.But in the context of this article we are not particularly interested - will talk about the average apartments and houses.It can be quite limited to the values ​​given above.

But what we need to know the indicators of forced natural ventilation in the premises of the living area?But the fact that the apartment or house should be considered as a single-balanced "organism".To be effective ventilation, and the room bathroom, toilet and kitchen are constantly ventilated with air coming from the residential zones, exhaust devices installed in them, should be able to cope with this task.Simply put, the amount of exhaust air can not be less than the incoming.There is such a thing as air balance the equation, and the selection of ventilation systems should be pursued to its maximum compliance.

ΣQprit.= ΣQvyt.

ΣQprit. - required total volume of air coming from the ventilation.

ΣQvyt. - the required performance exhaust ventilation.

Failure to observe this equality in either direction can cause unwanted effects - stagnant air, the penetration of odors from the kitchen, and even worse - in the dressing room, in the living rooms, the accumulation of moisture in the corners or on the window slopes, unpleasant drafts and other negative phenomena.

constantly misted window - a sign of poor ventilation of

Always wet the surface of the glass in the windows - a victory, only the outward sign of a serious enough problem. Why misted window , and what should be done in this case - more in a special publication of our portal.

To determine the right-hand side of the equation, the calculations have to be carried out for the required air flow.

most correct approach would be the calculation of the three parameters - Health Standards for each resident, by the multiplicity of air exchange in terms of the entire house or apartment, and according to the standards for each square meter of residential space.will then compare the results and choose the maximum rate - he will be the required air flow value for the quality of ventilation.

Well then, based on the obtained value, you can go to the distribution of the volume of forced ventilation to achieve the desired equality.

For example, the calculation for the buildings with a total area of ​​120 square meters.

there are problems with counting the floor area?

Usually the easiest way to take the area of ​​the existing house plan.If it is for some reason not, but will have to calculate it yourself.In a special publication portal considered various examples counting area - from the simple rectangular rooms to rooms unusual complex configuration, and that serves convenient online calculators for fast and accurate calculation.

For the convenience of calculations you can make a small table:

Premises house	air intake from outside	Hood on the street
Further data and progress payments	According to sanitary standards on living people