How to build a cellar in the street

Anyone who has in his garden on a plot or garden, probably wondering about the necessity of building a cellar in the yard.After all, this building has for more than one millennium to serve the people as a natural refrigerator.Due to the fact that in summer the temperature in the cellars is not more than 4 - 5 degrees, and winter does not fall below 2 degrees, it is difficult to imagine a place more suitable for the storage of a crop of vegetables and fruit.To manufacture such a useful structure is not so difficult.To learn how to build a cellar in the street on their own, will be discussed in this article.

Important measurements and calculations for the construction of cellars

Before you begin construction of the cellar on his summer cottage, you need to make certain geological surveys.To this end, it is not necessary to involve professionals.The first thing to do - is to determine the level of recovery of groundwater.From this knowledge it depends on the depth of the cellar.To carry out such a study, you need at the lowest point area to drill a well or dig a hole depth of 2.5 m. It is necessary to pull the tube, for which you want to monitor.If the tube is coming soon water, any underground construction will be problematic because of the high groundwater level.To figures were correct, observations do not in the hottest period of the year.If the site has a well or borehole, then do not do anything you need to know their depth enough to take an adequate decision.

If the study revealed that the water table is higher than 2.5 m from the surface or in the ground, there are so-called water horse (perched), for the construction of a cellar full needdevice drainage system.For this purpose, on the perimeter of the site, which is scheduled cellar unit, break through the trench to a depth below the groundwater.It is laid drainage pipe, which is drawn in a special container or in the lowest place on the site.Around the pipe poured gravel or expanded clay, and the top is closed geotextile, and then dig in permeable soil.The slope of the pipe needs to be done at the rate of 5 - 10 cm for every ten meters.

Besides the depth of water, it is necessary to notice, and the existence of such phenomena as soil swelling.It manifests itself as a result of the strong freezing soil moisture saturation.In the process of melting of the ice there is soil degradation.It is covered by a huge number of long and loses its density.Build on this site with great care.

Proceeding from the above, there are several basic rules for the construction of a cellar on the plot:

• Plan cellar construction is necessary in advance to make the necessary observations.
• Build need only in the warm season, the best in iyuli or August.

• If the site has a rugged terrain, it is better to choose the highest place.
• cellar All rooms should be equipped with a good ventilation system.
• Wooden structural elements storage is required to impregnate antiseptic or melted bitumen
• If the cellar is done with full vertical front door, you need to install it on the north side of the building.

If these rules are clear and well learned, you can proceed directly to the very construction.

Earthwork

usually do street cellar with dimensions close to 2.5h2.5h2.3 m. To do this, choose the highest place on the site where digging the pit.They do it with shovels, but if possible, it is better to involve earth moving equipment.The length and width of the excavation should exceed the size of the cellar by 30 - 40 cm. This is necessary for the construction and waterproofing of walls for the convenience of the device.

bottom of the pit carefully tamped and poured it on the sand and gravel.The sand layer should be 20 cm and 10 cm of gravel, 30 cm total drainage pad.Thereafter gravel tamped it to penetrate into the sand, as far as possible.On top of the resulting cushions are placed fittings 8 mm in diameter and tie rods or wire are welding machine.Then make concrete screed conventional method, separating sand and cement in a ratio of 3: 1.After waiting for drying of concrete, which is about a week, put waterproofing.

How do waterproofing

In this construction, as the cellar, high quality waterproofing is very important.It is made as to the floor and the walls.For underground storage good fit even the cheapest coil coating - roofing material.For its normal stickers melted tar and roofing sheets are glued in several layers crosswise.Each layer is sized tar.If waterproofing is done after the erection of walls, the edges of roofing material is necessary to bend them.In this case, the wall is still there, so close the roofing material is only half.

construction walls

In order to make the wall, there are a variety of materials.The easiest option is the board, but they quickly rot, so this project will not even be considered.It is best to make a wall of brick or concrete.Can be further finished bury a metal container, but in this case, any special instructions required.Therefore, we consider a variant with brick and concrete.Before walling laid reinforcing frame 10 cm wide. This requires reinforcement bars 10 mm thick.They are placed vertically along the perimeter and bonded together by the binding wire.

After installing reinforcement collect wooden formwork along all the walls.When she is ready, then proceed to fill it with a solution.Concrete is kneaded as necessary, so that he did not have time to harden.One portion should be enough for 1 - 2 hours of work.In the process of pouring concrete vibrator should shake down construction.This eliminates the trouble with the formation of voids inside the monolith.Flooded with the formwork should be left for 2 - 3 weeks.Only during this period the concrete hardens completely.

If the walls begin to make brick, masonry mortar is to use the M200 brand cement.The best option for the cellar - a wall made of 2 layers of solid bricks.If the ground is dense enough, and the water table is deep, you can do with just one layer.Though concrete, though brick, require waterproofing.For this kind of use of coating it.Waterproofing mastic coat with all the walls in 2 - 3 layers, then glued rolled waterproofing material.

From the outside walls draped soft clay.It allows you to create high-quality protection against moisture and condensation.Layer clay do more than 10 cm, then the soil is filled all voids.The inner surface of the walls of lime.It is a cheap material, which in addition to the coloring effect is also antiseptic properties.Lime - good protection against fungi, bacteria and mold.

What could be the entrances to the cellar

simplest input option in the cellar is an ordinary hole or hatch, which has a horizontal cover.Its spread from a brick or cast concrete.This option is most often used in completely buried cellars.Laz is a channel with a square cross section.From the cover-to-ceiling cellar should be a distance of about 1 m. In addition, this construction should fulfill the role of a gateway in the winter.For this purpose the bottom of the manhole cover arrange another plank or simply put, are harvested in summer.The space between the lids on the winter filled with sacks of straw or sawdust.To descend into the cellar in this case using a conventional staircase with horizontal slats.

variant with hatch simple, but not very convenient, because to descend the stairs a bag with vegetables is problematic.In addition, it is also very dangerous.To create maximum comfort, you must make a full door with sloping shallow stairs to the vault.This input can even become an ornament to your site, if you put a bit of designer fantasies.

doors into the cellar are made of wood, but on the inside they should be covered with waterproofing material.In this arrangement, too, it is desirable to arrange a vestibule, which prevents the penetration of cold air from outside.Ladder with this input device is made with high-grade steps.The angle of inclination should optimally be 45 degrees.If the angle is greater, then it is necessary to provide handrails.stairs need to cover some not slippery material.Otherwise, in the winter it can be dangerous because of the appearance of frost.

Various embodiments of the roof

Any cellar on the street must be equipped with a roof.It can be a single-pitch or gable.Completely buried cellar is closed on top, so they are not visible to the roof, but it must be a layer of soil.Partially buried cellar can also be covered with a layer of soil and turf, which creates an additional thermal insulation.The roof is made in the usual manner for all buildings.Initially laid joists, then arrange themselves overlap over which makes rafter system crate and in fact the very roof of waterproof material.

To cover the device with no visible roof make better use of slabs, which are placed flat side down.Below his plaster and lime.Top croaker closed roofing material, and then coated with a straw-clay mixture.Thereafter, the entire surface of the slab close wet soil and turf which has a grass or moss.This method is often used when finding the top of the cellar on a small rise above the ground.

gable roof made of boards that cover the entire pit about half a meter.Then the rain will drain away from the cellar walls.Skate suit of timber cross-section of 50 mm, and on the slopes trail roofing material on top of which lay the usual straw.You can use any more modern roofing material;slate, metal, corrugated board.

device ventilation in the cellar

For perfect air circulation in the cellar, it is necessary to arrange it properly ventilated.This requires two 100 mm diameter.One pipe is installed so that its lower end did not get to the bottom of 30 cm. The second pipe is below the ceiling.This will ensure that the inflow and outflow of air in a mode of constant circulation.

Internal design and quality control of construction

Inside the cellar make racks of boards or metal bracket.They will stand banks with different workpieces.Boards need to be sure to handle antiseptic, to avoid the appearance of mold on them.Metal parts painted with red lead or a special primer.

Under potatoes, beets or carrots make separate boxes.Some owners keep them in special boxes, which is very convenient.In the cellar, it is desirable to conduct electricity, to arrange the lighting there.The outer part of the cellar and the roof can be landscaped in accordance with the concept, which is chosen for the design of the entire site.

At the end of the whole building checking the strength of the established structures.They need to hold a sufficiently large mass, as in the winter to pour on the ground floors to add a large amount of snow.Eliminate defects should immediately, because later it will be difficult to do.

Today cellar is designed to perform not only a unitary function of the storage of vegetables and winter preparations, but should fit into the overall design of the entire suburban area.His visible parts are required to be independent decorative elements, which you can draw very beautiful with the use of artificial or natural finishing materials.