How to make the wiring in a wooden house

Wooden houses - a very ancient tradition of Russian architecture.Even today, when there is no shortage of modern building materials, many owners of suburban areas prefer to build housing is made of wood - with him, no one can even remotely compare to the natural warmth and create a welcoming ambiance.

And ordinary citizens - owners of small cottages, raising simple houses, often stop your choice on the wood as the main material for construction.But the permanent and temporary housing under current conditions may not do without power.And in fact, in both cases it is essential to know how to do the wiring in a wooden house properly so as not to endanger their health and even their lives, to ensure the safety of property and property.

Basic requirements for electrical wiring in wooden house

metal pipes Firstmust notify the home masters, who believe that if they can fix the wall socket or switch in an apartment, know how to distinguish a zero from the phase with the usual indicator that can easily take on an independent wiring and rustic wooden house.Not so simple - wooden structure has high fire hazard, and power cabling requirements are completely different.

Bleak statistics show that the overwhelming number of cases of fires in the wooden buildings are directly related to violations of mounting and operation of electrical appliances or wiring.By and large account , to undertake an independent laying electrical lines generally should not be - a lot of qualified specialists.However, to know the basic rules necessary for any owner of a wooden shelter, although would to evaluate the existing cabling or monitor work caused by electricians, since it is quite possible to run into a "hack", performing work on the principle of "nothingterrible, and so come ».

So, what are the basic requirements must be applied to the wiring in a wooden structure:

• should be completely eliminated or minimized to limit the probability of ignition cable with an open flame transfer to the wooden structure of the building in the event of a short circuit.
• Physical and technical and operational characteristics of wires and electrical fittings used shall be sufficiently meet the total power consumption on each site, taking into account the wiring of peak loads.Unacceptable any manifestation of heating cables and terminal connections.
• wiring condition should completely exclude the risk of people or pets electric shock.

problem of aesthetics in a wooden structure has to go by the wayside.There are many acceptable ways to solve this problem (this will be discussed below).But you can never achieve improvement interior design premises for through even a slight decline in the level of security - it is fraught with catastrophic consequences.

complexity of independent work on the wiring, in a wooden house still and that there is no single governing document.Skilled craftsmen with a long experience know the basic requirements for her and technological methods for their implementation.Himself also pick up the necessary information, but scattered SNiPs , GOST and PUE (rules of electrical device), not just , and she, often , is too specific, understandable only person with specialized education.

main objective of this publication - to owners of wooden houses the basic idea of ​​wiring methods.For instructions on how to do the wiring in a wooden house, addressed to an inexperienced person, for a fully independent of the electrical work, should not be considered .

Login electric line into the house

It - very important sector , which hosts reason is often overlooked, focusing attention on the internal wiring.Fires probably principle - is a long time and is fully justified.Meanwhile input power cable in the house could be held for a long time, according to the old, no longer corresponds to the requirements of modern technologies.Property Amenities appliances homes rose at times literally , respectively, has increased and energy consumption.And indeed the cable portion may hopelessly outdated - insulation breaks under long-term exposure to the sun and temperature extremes, exposing the metal strands and reducing wiring safety.

particularly vulnerable section of the cable is run through the wooden wall of the attic.In his time believed that security is enough scrap rubber hose.However, this unit poses a considerable threat - as part of a considerable percentage of black rubber, which in itself is carbon, ie .conductive material.With the aging of the "insulator" appear conductivity bridges with sufficiently high resistivity.There may be areas of local heating, sparking , and dry the boards of the gable roof that can be enough.

In short, if the aim of delivering a full update wiring and bringing it in a really safe condition, you should start from here.

There are two ways to have the power line to the house - air and underground.

• underground method is considered more reliable because the cable is completely hidden and is not subject to external influences. However , it is quite expensive method that requires significant earthworks.The cable must be located at depths not less than 0. 8m , necessarily protected zone designated signs.The passage through the foundation and commissioning house performed with obligatory installation of metal casings of thick-walled pipes.

As a rule, such a connection it makes sense to organize only in the construction of a new home, thinking through in advance the passage of communications.If the power line is laid in the already built up the house, it is easier and cheaper to use the air wiring.

• carry out any whatsoever independent electrical work on poles of power lines is strictly forbidden - it is entitled to do just qualified electrician with an appropriate tolerance.

approximate scheme required the placement of air wires from power lines to the house given to on below.

house plot line from the pole to the house are usually made of wire cross-section of at least 16 mm. Basically , used type of cable SIP (self-supporting insulated wire) having a high-strength shell of cross-linked polyethylene that is resistant to infrared radiation and thermal extremes.The duration of the service wire should be at least 25 years.

However, inside the house, this line will never start. According to existing regulations, is strictly prohibited laying of cables with aluminum current-carrying part of the combustible elements of the design.And if it goes of a wooden house, starting from the entrance and up on recent sockets or light bulbs are used only copper conductors.

for the section from the connection line and the lead-up to the switchgear is recommended to use VVGng cable.Additional index « ng » says its non-combustibility of the insulating coating.This cable is consistent with the requirements for fixed wiring inside buildings and outdoors.However, for greater reliability , it is recommended to conclude still and corrugated resin pipe having the appropriate certification under the current rules of fire safety NPB 246 - 97. Plastic of construction of the "corrugated" refers to a self-extinguishing,not sustain burning materials.

wall connection is always held outside the building.Currently, this is most often used special sealed squeezing providing reliable contact without the possibility of oxidation and arcing occurs .

Lots passage VVGng through walls of the house and attic or floor decks necessarily lie in a metal sleeve made of thick-walled pipes.This precaution has several objectives:

• cable portion will be protected from damage that can be caused by displacements of building structures, for example, due to the shrinkage of the house or the ground motion.
• metal sheath to the maximum extent prevent the spread of fire to wooden structures in the event of an emergency - overheating or cable fire.
• cable in vulnerable, hidden from the viewing areas to receive protection from domestic rodents.

wall thickness of the pipe - the value regulated.So, if you are using a wire cross-section up to 4 mm², it should be 2.8 mm, and when at Menen more powerful cables - from 6 to 10 mm² - even 3.2 mm.This will eliminate the possibility of burning the pipe wall in the event in her short circuit.

How do the wiring in an apartment with his hands?The answer you will find after reading an article on our site.

And here you can read about the ground in the country with their own hands.

The same rule applies in all areas intrahouse wiring in a wooden building, without any exceptions.

next important section - from entering the house to the electrical panel (on the accepted terminology, opening the switchgear - WSSD ).In than particular specificity this area - it is unprotected automatic overload or short-circuit and, as a rule, is not in sight, often passing through the attic or utility room.Rely on automatic electrical substation should not - there are completely different trigger levels.

There are several ways to fundamentally solve this problem:

• entire section of cable to ASU can be enclosed in a metal tube with the same parameters as described above.However, this is possible only with a small its length - up to 2,5 - 3 meters and no large number of turns.Push hard enough cable over long distances in the Enlightenment Russian t t Pipes will be impossible.
• optimal seen installing circuit breaker in a sealed box just before the entrance to the building line.At the same time it selects the threshold step is higher than that of the main AZ , which is installed on the ASE.So, if on the panel is installed in the machine 25 A , then on to outer should be placed 32 A.

It protect vulnerable land fromoverload, but at the same time, if such a situation occurs the internal house wiring, the machine will work at ASU, and the need to get to the outside of AZ will not.

• There yet another embodiment, when and machine and equipment accounting electricity supply company power consumption endure general on the outer wall of the building, or even on the transmission line poles.This, of course, reliable, but is not always convenient for the hosts home.

Installing electrical panel

line from enter the house directly, without any branches, resulting in a distribution box - ASU.What are its main components:

• metal or plastic box with locations for Electric and additional safety devices, DIN-rail for AZ, tires - the zero and ground loop.box dimensions are not regulated, so that it is better in this case not to save, and to establish it with expectation of further possible « apgreyt » - retrofitting, the need for which may arise with the expansion elektroosnaschennosti home.
• sealed meter energy consumption.
• main introductory breaker, bipolar or tripolar , which is usually well sealed electricity supply company.
• installed on DIN-rail, single- AZ.Their number may be different.Usually the grid home is divided into zones - each their them will fit your specific machine power.Thus, in distinct zones separated kitchen, one or several rooms, which also can be divided into light and rosette group.Often a separate area of ​​the yard is lighting, electricity garage and house extensions, external sockets, which are used for household work in the territory.

machines Power calculated for each zone individually.Guided by the rules that it must ensure operation in case of overload on the weakest portion of the local wiring.The smaller denomination, the higher the operational safety of electrical appliances.So, if conventional sockets have a margin of 16 A , the AZ and should not exceed this value.

• RCD - residual current device power in detecting the leakage current.In view of considerable value of this instrument and m m legged simply neglected.However, although it is not mandatory, it is better not stingy, buy and incorporate it into the overall power system.RCD securely will protect tenants from electric shock when using electrical appliances, will not allow the emergency network.Of particular importance it acquires in areas with high humidity - kitchen, bathroom, bath, boiler, external fittings in yards, garages and the like .Selection of nominal RCD and its installation should be performed by a qualified electrician, as is taken into account several parameters - the total load area (maximum current ) and current leakage.

RCD can be installed on all the in-house network, but in this case the probability of frequent false alarms protection and addition , will be very difficult to identify the source of potential security threats.