The technology of wet insulation facade

The walls, constructed of brick, a variety of building blocks, and even more - representing the concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements of regulatory thermal insulation.In short - these houses are in need of additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building elements of the building.

technology facade insulation wet

There are many different approaches to the thermal insulation of external walls.But if the owners choose the finish of his house, made of plaster, in the "pure" form, or with the use of facade paints, the best choice becomes wet facade insulation technology.This publication will be considered how difficult such work that is required to carry them out, and how it can be done in-house.

What is meant by heat insulation system "wet facade"?

First of all, you must understand the terminology - what is the technology "wet facade", andhow it differs from, say, a conventional wall coverings insulation material with further decorative trim wall panels (siding, block-house, etc.)

technology allows and warm, and arts to decorate the façade

hint lies inthe title - all the stages of the work carried out with the use of building structures and solutions that are diluted with water.The final stage is the plastering has insulated walls, so insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from normal, covered with decorative plaster.As a result, it decided just two major tasks - to ensure reliable insulation of wall designs and high quality facade design.

approximate scheme for insulation of "wet facade" technology is shown in Figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation technology "wet facade»

1 - insulated exterior wall of the building.

2 - layer construction glue mixture.

3 - synthetic insulation boards (polystyrene or that type) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 - additional mechanical fastening of insulation layer - dyubelya- "fungi".

5 - a protective and leveling layer of plaster, reinforced mesh (item 6)..

7 - decorative plaster exterior decoration.

Such a system of complete thermal insulation and decoration of the facade has a number of significant advantages:

• not require very material-mounting frame structure.
• system receives enough light.And it can be successfully used on the majority of curtain walls.
• frameless system predetermines the almost complete lack of "thermal bridges" - warming layer turns monolithic across the surface of the facade.
• Facade walls receive, in addition to thermal insulation and excellent acoustic barrier, helping to reduce both air and impact noise.
• Properly calculating insulation layer "dew point" is completely removed from the construction of the wall and is carried out.It eliminates the possibility of getting wet walls and the appearance in it of mold or fungus colonies.
• external plaster layer has good resistance to mechanical stress, to weathering.
• In principle, simple technology, and in strict compliance with the rules it can handle any homeowner.

If desired, an external facade finishing can be upgraded

• a qualitative performance of works of such insulated facade does not require repair at least 20 years.However, if you ever want to update finish, then it can easily perform without violating the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

• seasonal work - they are permitted to carry out only for positive (not less than + 5 ° C) temperatures and stable weather is good.It is undesirable to carry out works in windy weather, at too high (above + 30 ° C) air temperatures, on the sunny side, without the protection from direct rays.
• Increased rigor and high quality materials and to the precise observance of technological recommendations.Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or peeling large pieces of insulation and finishes.

Warming was obviously conducted in violation

technology as a heater, as in the mentioned may be used mineral wool or polystyrene.Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but all the same for the "wet facade" mineral wool quality looks better.At approximately equal values ​​of the thermal conductivity performance, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability.Excess moisture free will find their way out of the space through the wall structure and evaporate into the atmosphere.With polystyrene harder - he vapor permeability is low, and for some types - in general tends to zero.Thus, not excluded the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulating layer.This is not good in itself, well, at abnormally low winter temperatures occur cracking, and even "shooting of" large areas of insulation with finishing layers.

There are specific topics of expanded polystyrene - with perforated structure, in which this question is to some extent resolved.But basalt wool has another important advantage - the absolute non-combustibility than polystyrene foam does can not boast.And for the facade walls is - a serious matter.And in this article will be considered the best option - insulation technology "wet facade" with mineral wool.

How to choose insulation?

What is mineral wool suitable for "wet facade"?

As is clear from the concept of "wet facade", the insulation must be one of its sides mounted on the adhesive solution, and on the other - to withstand considerable loads plaster layer.Thus, the insulating plates must meet certain requirements for density, ability to withstand stress - as promyatie (compression) and its tensile fiber structure (bundle).

Naturally, not all insulation attributable to the category of mineral wools, suitable for this purpose.Glass wool and slag wool are excluded completely.Applicable only slabs of basalt fiber, produced by special technology - with high stiffness and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of heaters on the basis of basalt fibers in their product line provide for the release of plates specifically designed for thermal insulation of walls with the subsequent plaster finish, ie "wet facade".Features some of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Parameter	"ROCKWOOL FRONT Bats"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"Technonikol TEHNOFAS"
Illustration
density of material, kg / m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Tensile strength, kPa, not less
- compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- to bundle	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity (W / m × ° C):
- estimated at t = 10 ° C	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
-calculated at t = 25 ° C	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
-operational at "A" conditions	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operating under the conditions«B»	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Group flammability	NG	NG	NG	NG
class fire	KM0	-	-	-
Water vapor permeability (mg / (m × h × Pa), at least	0,3	0,31	0,3	03
Water absorption by volume by partial immersion	not more than 1%
plate Size mm
- length and width	1000 × 600	1200 ×600	1000 × 600	1000 × 500 1200 × 600
- slab thickness	25, from 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

Experiment with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool - it is not necessary, since such a "wet facade" for sure will last a long time.

How to determine the correct thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of thicknesses of insulation for the "wet facade", from 25 and up to 200 mm, usually in increments of 10 mm.

plates for facade work can have different thicknesses

How to choose the thickness?This is not an idle question, as posed by the system "wet facade" should provide high-quality thermal insulation of walls.However, excessive thickness - is unnecessary costs, and moreover, excessive insulation may even be detrimental in terms of maintaining an optimum balance of temperature and humidity.

Typically, the optimal thickness of insulation is calculated specialists.But it is quite possible to perform and to taking advantage of the calculation algorithm shown below.

So insulated wall should have a total thermal resistance of not lower than the standard value specified for the region.This parameter - table, it is in reference books, known in the local construction companies, but also, for convenience, you can use the map-scheme posted below.

map diagram with normalized values ​​of thermal resistance of building structures

Wall - a multi-layered structure, each layer of which has its own thermal characteristics.If we know the thickness and material of each layer, existing or planned (the wall itself, the interior and exterior finishing, etc.), it is easy to calculate their total resistance, compared with the standard value to obtain the difference, which must be "covered" byadditional thermal insulation.

will not weary the reader with formulas, and immediately offer to take advantage of the calculation of the calculator, which quickly and with minimum error calculate the required insulation thickness of basalt wool, designed for facade work.

Calculator insulation thickness of the system "wet facade»

calculation is performed in the following sequence:

• Define map diagram for your region, the normalized value of thermal resistance for walls (purple figure).
• Refine the wall material and its thickness.
• Decide on the thickness and material of interior walls.

thickness of the outer plaster wall finish is already taken into account in the calculator, and it brings is not required.

• Enter the requested values ​​and get the result.It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of the insulating plates produced.

If suddenly received a negative value - insulation walls is not required.

What other materials and components required?

To determine the materials, it is necessary once again to consider the details of the scheme of the future "wet facade".

materials and components needed for insulation technology "wet facade»

1 - starter (ground) profile.Its width must correspond exactly to the thickness of the insulation.Number of profile - corresponds to insulate the perimeter walls.

2 - connecting elements for ground profile.Provide accurate docking of profiles in one plane and set the desired temperature gap between them.Number - one for each joint, or two - at a thickness of 100 or more insulation.

3 - hardware profile.Expansion Plugs nails should be at least:

- for concrete walls or laid out in solid brick - 40 mm;

- for walls of hollow brick - 60 mm;

- for silicate blocks or other low-strength materials - 100 mm.

Calculate the number of fastening points is simple: with insulation thickness of 80 mm or more - step 300 mm, with a thickness of less than 80 mm can be set in increments of 500 mm.

At each attachment point provided spacer plastic washer - for precise alignment profile.

4 - primer for preparation of walls for gluing boards.

- For a brick, plaster or silicate walls the best choice would be the soil deep penetration.Average fuel consumption - 300 ml / m².

- soil type "betonokontakt" sold for concrete walls.Average fuel consumption - 400 ml / m².

5 - adhesive composition for the installation of thermal insulation boards.