Laying of paving slabs with their hands

In the process of upgrading the site near the country house or villa owners responsible can not do without the organization of paths, playgrounds front of the house or in the bottom of the garden, designed for summer holidays or car parking.The easiest way, of course, roll them in asphalt or concrete, but the material well, does not add the site aesthetics and exclusivity.Therefore, in recent years the majority of the owners of estates to stop paving tiles.

Laying of paving slabs with their hands - is quite possible, but takes a lot of time, so it's best to do this work with an assistant.The process must be carried out strictly in stages, and each of the processing steps is to carry out carefully and slowly.

Tools and materials for

Before starting any work necessary to prepare all the necessary for this - working tools and materials.

• From instruments will be needed:

- Shovels - shovels for excavating.

- rake for leveling of bulk building materials.

- Wooden pegs or pins of armature segments and twine (cord) to mark territory.

- rubber mallet to align the tiles and borders.

- Building level and measuring tape.

- brush or broom to distribute sand over the laid tiles.

- manual or mechanical ramming, depending on the size of the area ennobled.

- Long smooth pipe or guides for leveling sand, if the tiles will be laid without cement-sand mixture.

- grinder with disk for cutting stone.Without her not do those cases , if have cut paving blocks.

• From the materials to perform the work necessary to purchase:

a) Samu paving tiles.It can be manufactured by different techniques and from different materials.Accordingly, several different and its characteristics.Some basic properties of different types of paving slabs - in the attached table:

The performance	Polymer Concrete tile	vibrocasting	Concrete vibropressed
average density in kg / m³	1650-1800	2320-2400	2200-2400
Water absorption mass	0.15	4-4,5	5,5-6,5
compressive strength, MPa	17-18	40-50	40
strength at the bend, MPa	17-25	6-7	5-5,5
Frost,	cycles More than 500	300-400	200-300
Abrasion g / sq.See	0,05-0,1	0,3-0,4	0,5-0,7

In addition, with the purchase of paving slabs need to take into account other aspects that are important to reliability and aesthetics of future tracks and platforms.For example, for a site that will not experience heavy loads, it is fit tiles, having a thickness up to 60 mm.If it is assumed that the area will pave on call in the machine, it is necessary to choose the paving stones having a thickness of 60 millimeters or more.

At the same time, of course, owners should decide on the tile configuration, its colors and etc .Different types of blocks and shades allow spread mosaic pictures, so if there is a desire not to be limited to a simple "gray" paving, then you should consider in advance the pattern and, accordingly, the number of tiles varying colors and shapes.It is possible that this will help a table with some popular models of paving slabs, reduced below:

tile in laying	Product name	Dimensions in mm	Weight in kg	Number of pieces.1 m²	single tile type
		L	B	H
	3.F.6 «Wave»	240	120	60	3.6	40
3.F.8 «Wave»	240	120	80	4.66	40
	1.A4 "Rectangle»	197	97	40	1.9	50
1.P.6 «Rectangle»	197	97	40	1.9	50
1.P.8 «Rectangle»	197	97	40	1.9	50
	1.K.6 "Square»	197	197	60	5.43	25
	1.K.6 "Corner»	197	197/97	60	4.05	34

L - length, In - width, H -height

What still need to pay special attention when choosing the tiles, except for the above characteristics?There are criteria for evaluating the pavement blocks, proven practical:

- tiles The quality can be determined without looking at the characteristics, striking one block on the other - if you hear a hollow sound, then in the mix for the manufacture of paving added too much water .If the sound when struck will ringing, then the tile manufactured according technologists and and and s an high quality.

- If you liked the pitching, which has a very bright color, but its cost is quite low, it is likely to apply pigments of poor quality, which, first , unstable by themselves, and secondly - significantly reduce the strength of quality tiles.It is important

fly tiles from the same batch manufacturing, because otherwise the units may differ not only in size and color, but also on the composition of the mixture from which they are manufactured.

Like all building materials, paving tiles need to purchase a "reserve" of calculation 15% more than the area of ​​the proposed paving.Replacement units will be needed in case of accidental combat, finding marriage, spoilage and waste inevitable during cutting.

b ) Borders for fencing paved area.

in) Geotextile, the size of which must exceed the area of ​​the masonry at 200 ÷ 250 mm on each side, so that it is on the wall for stacking recesses layers .

g) Materials for laying litter layers - sand , gravel or crushed stone, cement.Their number depends on the area covered, the number of, type and thickness of the layers alleged backfill.

d) spray paint bright colors.It is convenient to do a preliminary layout, effortlessly.The paint can be replaced with lime, which scatter, indicating the edge of the track or the future site.

e) Reinforcing grille concreting platform.It need not always - required only in the case if the basis for laying pavers will need to harden.

prepare in in se necessary, you can move the markers to the work on the site.

Carrying marking territory

first thing you need to do - is to define and mark the area where there will be ground or track you want to tile.For the preliminary stage and need roulette spray paint bright colors. measurements should start from home, gate, fence or other structures, which will be adjacent to the tile is laid out area.

From building the necessary distance is measured in length and width, the paint made a mark in the form of dots or lines.If the tiles will pave path for the its direction is still several measurements to maintain a predetermined width. area recommended settings to adjust the size of tiles, that is, it is best to set the size, multiple parameters of tiles to as little as possible had it cut.

make a preliminary layout, which will set the direction or identify areas of the site, you can go to the exact markings with the installation of poles and stringing cords.

Anyway , all the measurements and drawing lines starting from one point certain reference , which is tied to the future location of all other landmarks.

assume that as a point of reference taken home a corner.In this case, about it, and the width of the track or playground, as well as their completion, hammered pegs which stretched twine , limiting the place where further work will be carried out.

Doing basic track layout area or place of rest, we must not forget that the support structure of the layers will have borders, which also need to provide a place on one or both sides of laying paving slabs.

1 - pegs;

2 - twine ;

3 - the ground after the removal of the soil;

4 - filling with sand.

Preliminary site preparation

Site preparation is carried out in different ways, depending on its destination as paving slabs laid out not only the paths and places for recreation, but also parking for cars, which require higher strength.Therefore, site preparation and laying layers may vary.

home In any case, why would any playground was designed after determining its precise location, moving to the preparatory work that is digging a relatively shallow pit.Its depth will depend on the materials of stacked layers and their thickness.To work required bayonet and shovel and a wheelbarrow to transport the cut soil.

Topsoil must be removed to a thickness of up to 150 ÷ ​​200 mm, along with the roots of plants located in this area.This fertile ground is not necessary to remove the off-site - it may well be used for arranging the beds.

If pad devices will require additional strengthening, the pit deepens to 400 ÷ 500 mm.

liberated from the soil area should be fairly smooth, a good idea for her to go hand-rammer to compact upper loosened soil.If it during soil excavation formed serious depressions, they should be sprinkled with soil and compacted further these places, moving the entire surface on one level.

These works are carried out equally for laying tiles on a variety of platforms and tracks, but further work on on dgotovke can seriously vary.

first option

The first is to consider how to fit litter layers for areas that will be subjected to serious loads - this track, recreation areas or pedestrian areas in front of the house, the blind area around it.

In the prepared pit in the ground surface in this case fit the following materials - geotextiles, gravel or gravel, sand and cement-sand mixture.It should be noted that sometimes the paving slabs are laid and compacted on a layer of sand.

Following this scheme, it is necessary to stack layers of backfill so:

• on the ground is laid geotextile, which will prevent germination of vegetation through the stacked layers and paving tiles.In addition, he certain way and performs original reinforcing function.
• located above a layer of gravel or crushed stone, which is filled with a slight elevation at the center of the site or track - this must be done in order that the water was not late on zamoschёnnoy surface and trickled down the sides of borders.Then leveled and compacted gravel, but the form of sloping "hill" is maintained.Compacted layer should be 100 ÷ 150 mm.

• After gravel is compacted , playground around the perimeter or along the future path fenced borders.

curbs, fencing the area, set between it and the vertical edge at the ground, which is located on the perimeter of the square (or along the tracks).Curbing blocks secured to a concrete solution laid on a bed of compacted crushed stone or gravel.Flatness vymeryat curbs by level, and adjusted, if necessary, a rubber mallet.

enclosing blocks can also be displayed on on rash of sand. In any case, a trench to install them should have such a depth that, after laying tile, curb towered over her level paved area for 50 ÷ 60% of its height.

• Next, onto the gravel is poured layer of sand that distributed by on surface using the rake, it is well moistened and then compacted.In the form of compacted thickness of the sand layer should be between 50 to 100 mm.

ramming the sand, you can use hand-rammer, roller or special ramming machines - it will depend on the size of the area is prepared.

• next step is preparing sand and cement mix and spread on top of the sand, then moistened and compacted too.The thickness of this layer compacted state should be 20 ÷ 40 mm.

The second version of training - for big loads

This variant preparation is carried out if the site will be designed for the car park.It is clear that such a goal requires a more robust and reliable base to the surface is not sags over time.This is the option that the pit should have a depth of 400 - 500 mm.

• In this case, prepared and hard-packed soil made of sand filling.He moistened and compacted, and ready-made sand layer should be 100 ÷ 150 mm.To accurately determine the thickness of the layers , their value can be marked beforehand on the walls of the pit.For this height vymeryat tape and marked with paint from a container through a thin tube, around the perimeter of the pit.