Quarry foundation with his own hands

Booth is now one of the most popular and accessible materials.He gained fame in antiquity, when it constructed from not only the foundation, but most of the walls and buildings in the mountainous terrain.Ready bottle is a natural or artificial stones clastic rock.For this reason, the material is environmentally safe course.Dimensions stones are quite different and lie within the range of 20 - 50 cm. The untreated bottles has an arbitrary shape, and the treated artificial and may be formed into building blocks of desired shape and size.It depends on the application purposes.In this article we will look at the nature and the use of rubble, as well as find out how you can build a foundation of rubble with their hands.

essence and composition of rubble foundation

major role in the construction of rubble foundation is playing bottle.Its content can reach up to 90% of the total volume.There are no special requirements to the form and size of the stone does not exist.Any tile or they batters, most importantly, to have the required quality and does not crumble when exposed to them.Of course, it is best suited for the construction of the foundation or tiled postelistaya rock.Her smooth face, which gives a significant advantage during installation, because the lay flat stones densely much easier than with irregular edges.

If we compare the process of building rubble foundation with some other technological operations, the closest to it is the erection of walls of brick.The principle is exactly the same there.In both cases, the building elements are stacked on each other and are interconnected solution.The difference is only in the very building blocks and a part of the solution, which is used to bond.In the case of brick made use of cement-sand mortar with a high proportion of sand, and in the construction of buildings of rubble preparing more durable concrete solution.

Pros and cons of rubble foundation

Before settling on the use of quarry is the type of foundation for the construction of their own home country or any other private facilities need to carefully examine its advantages and shortcomings, after which it will be possible to make a final decision.

not need illusions at the expense of simplicity and speed of construction of rubble foundation, as it does not correspond to reality.Firstly, a very deep trench requires.Her bottom should be 20 cm below the soil freezing in winter.In some regions, the depth of a trench can be more than 2 meters, but mostly lies in the region of 150 - 180 cm. Second, the digging of a trench and the necessary measurements will require quite a lot of time, if you certainly do not have access to heavy earth moving equipment.Pick up stones themselves also need to very carefully, because they then have to spread evenly throughout the volume of the foundation.

Such foundations are choosing future owners of large suburban townhouses with a very large mass of walls and several floors.This is a great strength and reliability rubble foundation.We single out the main advantages of this type of foundation:

• absolute ecological purity of the natural material.

• Durable and highly reliable design.
• Thanks to an excellent aesthetic and excluding any need for outdoor decorating.
• certainly very high humidity, which is achieved in the absence of additional construction and equipment.

Undoubtedly, this material is not without its drawbacks, and to which can be attributed with certainty:

• more complexity construction of rubble foundation, which requires the use of highly-paid professionals.
• too long duration of construction.
• material cost prohibitive.
• certain difficulties in delivery to the construction site.
• Before the construction requires a long and complex calculations.

However, one can not take into account another useful property of rubble foundations, their composition is allowed to add other complementary building materials, in order to somehow reduce the cost of construction.For example, a recessed portion in the ground, you can lay out a clean boot, and the surface of the brick.However, you should always strictly observe the rules of the technological combination of different types of materials.

construction rubble foundation with his hands

initial cycle of construction absolutely any engineering structure is the process of construction of the foundation.Natural stone, which is called Booth, is best suited as a natural, environmentally friendly filler its associated sand-cement mortar.Since this material has an irregular geometric shape, many believe that working with them is too difficult and requires a certain amount of skill and dexterity.However, despite the correctness of this assertion, having a certain tenacity and desire to learn new things, everyone can cope with the task of self-construction of the foundation of rubble.

required for the production of works

tools before you start your own "sculpt" rubble foundation should stock up on the necessary materials and tools.Firstly, we need a small gravel to fill, resulting in the masonry cavities.Second, the sand is an important component of which is required not only for the preparation of the solution but also for a device in the bottom cushion sand trench.Thirdly, we need cement brand M400 for solution.On the object to be delivered, and quite a lot of rubble.Its volume will be slightly less than the volume of the trench, as the stack we will be very close to each other.The stone is less, the amount thereof will be more.It still depends on the flatness of the edges, as raw stone would be difficult to put tightly and emptiness have abundant rubble fill.Booth should be sufficiently water-resistant and frost-proof with the necessary degree of safety.It is worth to take care of the presence of a waterproofing material such as roofing material.From building tools we need:

• few most common bayonet shovels and spades.
• Enough sturdy and roomy containers for mixing solution.
• Trowel with different sizes.
• construction bubble level and its water equivalent.
• roulette and plumb.
• mechanical or manual rammer, quite heavy sledgehammer, hammer for working of stone (pick), and a large chisel.

Armed with the above instruments and preparing everything you need in the required amount, you can proceed to the construction of the foundation.

How to build a first layer of rubble foundation

Bookmark rubble foundation is carried out to a depth below the freezing of the soil.Much also depends on its composition and looseness.First, make a breakdown on the ground of the future trench circuit using pegs and ropes.The width of the trench should be planned in such a way that it is wider than the planned walls approximately 10 - 15 cm. If in the process of digging there is a significant shedding of the soil from the trench walls, it is necessary to construct shuttering boards from scrap and other materials.They can be removed after casting.Since even in the middle lane will have to dig to a depth of 1.5 m, it makes sense to hire a backhoe.If this is not possible, you should only wish patience in this difficult excavating business.

created "sand cushion" in a prepared trench.Do it in stages, with each successive layer of sand should be thoroughly tamper with optional moisture.The final stage of "trenching" made installation of the waterproofing layer on top of the already prepared "cushion" at the bottom of the recess.For this roofing sheets can be used, or an analogue thereof.They are placed evenly "overlap" to the moisture in the construction of a concrete and stone belt is not lost.

Natural stones having a maximum flat (flat) horizontal surfaces will be supported, which will form the rest of the stones and walls of all building under construction.These smooth stones with force pressed into the sand base of the trench as long as they do not stop rocking.They have to be directed along recesses earth.that will serve as "support", which then "sits down" and the foundation itself, and constructed by the design (home).Stones with a geometry should be pressed into the sand base in the bottom of the trench, and monitor at the same time, so they are not swayed and were directed along the earth excavation, but not across it.It is quite possible scenarios when the entire batch of stones you will not find anything like it with a smooth surface for the laying of the first row.It is not necessary in this case to panic.It was then, and we will need a chisel and a hammer-pick.Using these tools will have to adjust the natural product in the manner of ancient stonemasons.

During indentation rock in the sand "cushion" necessarily will form the various recesses and openings.To get rid of them will have a little more work rammer.To do this, the void is filled with gravel or small pebbles, ram, and then still further compressed using a sledgehammer until they are aligned right.Thereafter, the fill layer can be carried out with a solution of the concrete, which is prepared in the classic proportions - 1: 3.

laying next series and reinforcement

future foundation should possess all the qualities that guarantee its stability and security.Therefore, filling of the first layer should be 30 - 40 cm from the bottom of the trench.Laying and filling the second and the remaining rows of rubble foundation is carried out by the same algorithm.The only difference is that occasionally required to produce a bandage joints in standard brickwork.Subsequent layers are mounted directly to the previous layer is not frozen solution.

separate and important topic - the reinforcement.Sufficiently high foundation necessarily requires additional stabilization, which can be achieved using wire or reinforcement.It is mandatory to be the last reinforcement layer structure 3-4.The systematic and periodic ramming staggering movable mass of the new layer will ensure that the construction of the foundation of the rubble will take place without any technical deviations.

Practical tips on arrangement of rubble foundation

professional builders worked out measures to optimize the various construction processes, which we offer:

• To speed up the delivery of the solution and stones in a deep trench to rubble foundation necessary to make the gentle slopes of the walls of the trench.It will also be equipped with enough comfortable working area between the bottom of the trench and its walls.

• Wooden scaffolding for many centuries solve the problem of steep slopes.
• If the trench is narrow and shallow, the capacity for the solution can be placed on its sides, and apply bottles between them.
• holes for installation of various communications and ventilation should be planned and laid immediately.This will significantly reduce construction time and reduce labor costs.
• required volume of all building materials must be calculated before the start of casting, so as not to disrupt the proper installation of the technology.

Urgency foundations based boot is largely due to their excellent load-bearing capacity and durability.However, an important role in this play and his impeccable appearance.There is no need for additional finishing.Natural stone, which is seen on the walls of the basement, attached building or home is very rich, and a presentable appearance.The foundation of rubble can be built, armed only with patience and by following simple rules and guidelines.Important very closely monitor every step, not forgetting about the future security grounds.