The foundation on clay with his hands

Building on the foundation of clay soils often associated with a number of difficulties, the greatest challenge is the combination of clay soil and closely spaced groundwater.Wet clay are in Group V of ground deformation by frost heaving, frost when they are able to exert enormous pressure on the sole and the foundation wall.If the building is properly designed, the possible occurrence of cracks, failures and the destruction of homes.Therefore, it is imperative to contact the project organization during the construction of capital structure on clay soils.If we are talking about how to build a foundation on clay for a small house, a bath or a garage, you can do it yourself, taking into account the recommendations given in the article.

Select the type of foundation for clay soil

first step is to identify a few characteristics of the soil in your yard:

• The content of clay particles in the soil;
• soil moisture;
• depth of soil freezing in your region;
• groundwater level.

composition of the soil is determined as follows: it is necessary to take a certain amount of soil in your hand, knead it, and try to roll a "sausage".From sand do not work at all.Loam acquire the necessary form, but soon crack and break into separate pieces.If the soil is obtained from solid plastic "sausage" - a clay, one of the most difficult to build soils.Moisture is necessary to leave the ground for some time in air.If the drying to last a few hours, then the ground is wet.Such soils are most susceptible to frost heave.

level of groundwater at the site can be determined by the well or drill hole.The depth of soil freezing is determined by the reference data, for this you can use the table:

If the groundwater level is significantly below the depth of soil freezing, it is possible to build melkozaglublenny monolithic strip foundations, after preliminary calculations.Thus the foundation sole recommended broader than its upper portion, to increase the area and reduce the specific load on the part of the soil.Under the sole foundation is required to the construction of large sand pillows - it will serve as a shock absorber, and will remove excess moisture from the foundation.The foundation at the same time you need to seal the outside of the roll materials with high strength - this will avoid sticking to the clay base and the shift a large mass of soil with the foundation when it freezes.Also, no harm will be warming the soil around the foundation by creating a blind area.It must be borne in mind: if the project is carried out with the expectation of heating the basement, it can not be promorazhivat - it can lead to serious distortions.

technology performance foundation on clay with the use of screw piles

1. Site preparation is reduced to geodesic exploration, calculation of the required number of piles and the depth of an installation.Screw piles may be installed at different depths, which is useful for areas with very steep or uneven ground type.Piles necessarily set at the corners and at the intersections of the walls.In addition, the piles must be placed along the bearing walls at a distance of not less than 2 meters.After calculating the number of piles is checked by drawing a specific load on the building each pile is determined place extra piles when required.The plot is cleaned of debris and foreign objects.The soil in the whole area of ​​the building is cut.Produce marking, marking places the installation of piles.
   

   Step 1 is marking the site for the installation of piles

2. screwed first corner pile.This can be done either manually using a lever, or through a special mechanism.Clay soils are quite heavy, so it is better to choose the second option.When screwing the pile manually, you must always check its verticality of the slope.The slightest deviation can cause misalignment of the building during the operation.
   

   Setting the first corner pile

3. Subsequent piles screwed similarly.It is necessary from time to time to check with pile-up location.Tightening piles produce before reaching target depth of, that is, below the depth of soil freezing and the ground water level.If the pile is not enough depth, produce its capacity.
   

   process of screwing the other piles in the ground

4. After screwing all piles gidrourovnya mark out the level of the floor of the first floor.As a general rule, it should not be less than 50 cm for residential buildings and 30 cm for the gazebo or farm building.Celebrating all pile on the level and cut off the excess length of the grinder.
   

   Excessive length of cut piles Bulgarian

5. Piles to give them greater strength filled with concrete grade not lower than the M200.At a considerable depth of piles must be compacted during the filling using rebar, piercing them concrete column.When erecting a temporary structure made of light materials piles can not fill, and then reused.
   

   pouring concrete in the process of pile

6. for horizontal stability piles tied with strips or channel bar.Channel is commonly used for foam concrete or brick walls, timber - for the houses of timber, logs or wireframe buildings.For strapping timbers is necessary to put on a pile headroom, in which there are holes for mounting the beam.Channel is secured by welding.
   

   process piping screw piles board for stability

foundation of screw piles can be installed even in the frozen ground, which is convenient for the sites standing on floaters.Due to its high productivity and short term performance of this technology is widely used, especially in the construction of houses from profiled bars or frame structures for the popular Canadian technology.Buildings on stilts can be installed on steep slopes and on the banks of reservoirs, pristraivaya piers.Also on piles are often installed gazebos, terraces, and other elements of landscape design.