How is the transmission and distribution of electricity ?

electricity transportation route

So, as we have said, the starting point is the power station, which, in fact, generates electricity.To date, the main types of power plants are hydropower plants (HPP), heat (CHP) and nuclear power plants (NPPs).In addition, there are solar, wind and geothermal electric.station.

further from the source of electricity is transmitted to consumers who may be at long distances.To implement power transmission, it is necessary to increase voltage by a step-up transformers (voltage may increase up to 1150 kV, depending on the distance).

Wondering why electricity is transmitted at a higher voltage?Everything is very simple.The fact that the voltage increase decreases the current strength, and thus resistance is reduced in wires.This is in order to reduce the loss of AC power.

Accordingly, the station electricity is transferred to the step-up transformer (if necessary), and then using the power lines are transmitted electricity CRP (Central distribution substation).The latter, in turn, are located in or in close proximity to them.On the PCR takes place when the voltage drops to 220 or 110 kV, where electric power is transferred to the substations.

further stress once again lower (already up to 6-10 kV) and electric energy is distribution transformer points, also referred to as TA.By transformer points electricity can be transmitted not for power transmission lines and underground cable line becausein urban areas it will be more appropriate.The fact that the value of trackside in cities and high enough to be more advantageous to dig a trench and laying a cable in it, rather than take up space on the surface.

From transformer points electricity is transmitted to the multi-storey homes, private buildings, garage cooperatives, etc.We draw your attention to the fact that the TP voltage drops again, already familiar to us 0,4 kW (380 V network).

Briefly consider the power transmission path from the source to the consumer, it is as follows: power (for example, 10 kV) - which increases transformer substation (from 110 to 1150 square meters) - Power transmission - step-down transformer substation - TS (10-04 kV) - houses.

That's the way electricity is transmitted through the wires in our house.As you can see, the electric power transmission and distribution scheme is not too complicated to consumers, it all depends on how large the distance.

Visually see how electric energy is supplied to the city and comes to the residential sector, you can in the picture below:

more details on this issue the expert says:

What else is important to know?

also like to say a few words about the moments that intersect with the matter.Firstly, already a long time carried out a study on how to transfer electricity without wires.There are many ideas, but the most promising to date solution is to use a wireless WI-Fi technology.Scientists from the University of Washington found that this method is real and proceeded to a more detailed study of the question.

Secondly, to date, it is transmitted by power lines AC, not DC.This is due to the fact that the converter device, which are first rectified current at the input, and then again to make it output variables have a sufficiently high value that is not economically feasible.However, all the capacity of DC power lines 2 times higher, which also makes you think about how it is more profitable to implement.

So we looked at the electricity transmission scheme from the source to the home.We hope you will become clear how the electricity is transmitted to consumers at a distance and why to use this high voltage.

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