Making the stairs to the second floor alone

staircase to the second floor - a necessary element of a two-storey house, while it should be not only comfortable, sturdy and reliable, but also blend in with home decor.Constructions stairs can vary both the form and the material from which they are made.In private homes often mounted ladders made of wood, with the support and the metal structure may be used.

The shape of the stairs can be march - straight or turning, or screw.Second take up less space, and they are less convenient for constant distance.Open staircases rob the premises a large area, however, with a reasonable layout of the space under the stairs can sew wall and used as a storage room or dressing room.

Rotary stairs perform L-shaped or U-shaped, with zabezhnymi steps or intermediate platforms.They take up less space in the room, but is somewhat more complicated in implementation.Direct FLOATING have a simple and reliable design and make their own hands, everyone can.

Construction straight stairway

Every staircase has steps - they take most of the load.Steps in turn rely on stringers or string.Stringers - a bar, having a sawtooth shape, stage draw at the same time on the horizontal section and a vertical slice "teeth" secure the risers.The ladder can be provided with a single central support stringers with steps on a wall or on a support with two lateral kosoura.

Bowstrings - thick beams, in which the slots are selected for steps and risers.The side ropes are made of thick planks and cut a groove pattern.Between a string pull together with the help of cords of wood or metal.

riser perform a decorative function, allowing you to sew podlestnichnoe space tightly.The ladder can be done without risers, while its construction will be more legkoy.Dlya convenience and safety ladder must be equipped with a handrail.railing frame made of poles - balusters and handrail.Moreover, steps may be sites at the top and bottom support level and other elements.

most simple universal design for independent production is a staircase to two kosour.The following is considered a turn-based technology of its manufacture.

ladder from a tree on kosour

1. calculation of the number of stages and designing lestnitsy.Pryamaya stairway connects the two floors, so it has a minimum height of 2-2.5 meters.The angle of inclination of the stairs for easy movement on it should not exceed 35-40 degrees.With these parameters, the ladder length of the base is obtained not less than 4 meters and a length of span - more than 5 meters.The width of the steps selected from 20 to 30 cm, the height should vary between 10-20 cm. The most convenient to move the ladder adults are at an angle of 35 degrees and a width of 300 mm and a height of steps and 150 mm, respectively.Design a ladder and count the number of steps as:
   

   table as their security steps sizes in mm

• height of the staircase is divided into pre-accepted height of the stage, the resulting value shall be rounded to the higher integer;
• multiply the number of steps in the pre-stage adopted by the width of the bottom of the ladder and get the length;
• calculate the span length by Pythagorean theorem;
• calculate the ratio of the height of the stairs to the length of flight, it must be in the range of 0.5-0.7.If
• geometric calculation is difficult, you can simply draw a ladder to scale and measure the span length and angle.
• The calculation should take into account that the wooden house in the first two or three years, gives a significant shrinkage, and firmly fixed staircase can deform or change the angle.
• Manufacturing stringers.

stringers made from well dried planks of hardwood: pine, beech, oak.According to the results of calculations carried out a template from cardboard or thin plywood, imitating the shape of the projection, and taking into account the angle of inclination of the stairs.The top and bottom stringers operate slots in which they will be attached to the top beam and overlaps the beam to the support from below.With jigsaw cut out on kosour protrusions, whereupon the workpiece is treated by means of sandpaper or sander.

1. Installation stringers.Stringers mounted at a predetermined location, by securing the bottom of the timber by the support, and above - via ceiling notching a wooden beam ceilings.Can be installed on joists, metal supports to which fasten stringers using anchor bolts.The lower support beam is also attached to the anchor bolts.When installing stringers necessarily use level.
   

   installation technology stringers

2. Manufacturing steps and podstupennikov.The steps are made in the required amount of the dry board is not less than 36 mm and a width of not less than the board width selected stages.Steps may protrude slightly beyond the plane of the riser, so cut a wider board is not necessary.Boards cut to the required length equal to the width of the stair railing, taking into account, the value is usually 0.8-1.2 meters.Steps are ground, sharp cutting kromki.Podstupenki made of dry boards at least 20 mm thick, the width of the board is equal to the height of the steps, and length - the width of the stairs.
3. Mounting steps.Is attached to the first stringers installed risers, and then step by means of screws and wood glue.Clay promazyvayut all joints to reduce squeaking when walking up the stairs.
   

   fastening technology steps

4. Fabrication railing.To make use of railing balusters and handrails.Balusters can be made of square-section bar, or buy ready-made, carved.Balusters set on the stage, usually one balusters on each step.At the beginning and end of the ladder set support balusters, among them - decorative.Balusters are fixed to the steps with the help of self-tapping screws, and then set the decorative cap in the attachment points.Railings are also secured by screws with nizhn6ey side.
   

   scheme installation of handrails

5. Processing and decorative coatings
6. ladder, just like any other wooden structure, needs to be protected from moisture.Wooden ladders cover this purpose paint, lacquer or protective tinted or colorless composition.Thus it is better to use a cover, do not form a very smooth surface - slippery stairs are dangerous, especially when descending down.Before coating the ladder once again sanded to remove all burrs, badass.Places close fasteners plugs made of wood.The coating is applied with a brush or a small roller in two or three layers, while allowing the previous layer to dry thoroughly.
   

   protective coating

7. establish direct stairway is not always possible due to its size.To save space, you can perform other kinds of stairs, for example, a ladder "goose step".