Features of repair in "Khrushchev "

Starting from 50th and finishing with 80 - ties of the huge number of low-budget houses, which people called "Khrushchev" was built in our country.Built of not more than 5 - 6 floors.They are no elevators and garbage chutes.The material for the walls is most often served as a reinforced concrete slab, brick less.Flats in these homes are distinguished by the fact that the room they are very small, especially the kitchen and bathrooms.Living in "Khrushchev" is constantly faced with a cozy arrangement of their homes within small dimensions.

Repairs them alone often causes with serious difficulties and is a time-consuming process.To repair the result does not disappoint you, and you've got a comfortable apartment complete, you need to take into account a number of features similar structures, to know that there are many restrictions and reservations at a choice of finishes and methods of implementation of their design decisions.Features of repair in "Khrushchev" are such that breaking the rules can lead to undesirable consequences.

What are the different types of "Khrushchev" and particularly their structure

Before consideration of the repair options in "Khrushchev", to list some of their features.All the buildings, the combined data of the name, differ very substantially.What unites them is only small in size, bathroom and low ceilings, and of the construction.In those days, a group of large-scale construction of model projects were implemented, including:

• Houses made of reinforced concrete panels with load-bearing outer longitudinal wall.
• houses with brick external walls and internal concrete skeleton consisting of columns.
• Concrete prefab houses that have both longitudinal and transverse load-bearing walls.

Khrushchev main feature design is that within them are bearing beams and columns, floor slabs which lie.Overlapping made of reinforced concrete slabs 220 mm thick.

Differences internal baffles due to the fact that they were made of different materials.Thin 40mm walls made of aerated concrete or gypsum concrete constructed in prefabricated houses.Alternatively, in "Khrushchev" used wooden partitions, trimmed shingles and plastered.Layout of the apartment did not differ convenience and originality.Along with a small kitchen (no more than 7 m2) and a combined bathroom, the apartments were almost always communicating rooms.The internal partition walls had a ventilation grille which went into the kitchen and bathroom.It is noteworthy that in panel houses no sills in the window openings.The disadvantage of prefabricated houses is a very poor heat insulation, especially for the northern and central parts of the country.

Features overhaul in "Khrushchev»

If your intention is to overhaul its "Khrushchev", then you need to understand that it must ensure that the following main objectives:

• Creating a satisfactory thermal insulation.
• Replacement of old wooden frames with new plastic windows.
• Change plan bathrooms and kitchens in order to expand.
• Leveling the floor in all rooms of the apartment.
• finishing walls and ceilings in all rooms.
• desirable remodeling rooms.

Next, consider all these points one by one, focusing on the key points that are associated with structural features of homes of this type.

How to hold the insulation in Khrushchev

Features Khrushchev walls such that their insulation can be realized only on the outside.Internal insulation can create a dew point directly beneath the heater, resulting in disrepair exterior walls.For such internal insulation of houses is not possible also for the reason that it further reduces the already small area.On the outside of the insulation of the building can be made as you want.

In most cases make using styrofoam insulation.On the first floor you can make a crate and warm the house with mineral wool.In recent years, state and municipal enterprises systematically produce overhaul, which includes thermal insulation of the entire building with mineral wool and cladding siding facade.For this reason, before venturing independent costly repairs should be made clear in its management company plans to conduct a major overhaul.If you only Insulate the apartment, then you are even more spoil the appearance of the already terrible building.

How is the replacement of windows in the "Khrushchev»

Khrushchev Most have exterior walls of reinforced concrete panels of small thickness, which eliminates the possibility of windowsills device.This creates problems when the glazing replacement.Before you change the window you need to very carefully measure the gap and calculate the width of window sills and slopes.Do not be surprised if after the dismantling of old windows, you will see that all linear dimensions are different opening.In this case, the dimensions must be removed at the lower.The advantage of the "Khrushchev" is that the delay between the window and the edges of the openings in them missing, so chisel to remove the need nothing sizes.

Due to the small thickness of the walls will not be able to make a wide window sills, as it is inappropriate.After all, they will have poor structural strength because of too little support area.Too wide windowsill will prevent the normal circulation of warm air under the window, which may lead to leakage and freezing of plastic windows.

When installing new insulating glass they must be using foam to insulate around the perimeter and under the sill.Slopes of the plaster should be removed and make new ones in the plastic panels on the window sill, it is desirable to lay on a cement pad.

How to plan and carry out repairs in the bathroom and kitchen

The main problem in the kitchen repair Khrushchev is its layout, as well as the selection of finishing materials.The catch lies in the size of the room itself.Another nuance is that the level of the kitchen floor and bathroom is somewhat different from the level in the other rooms.Even the walls, both internal and external, in most cases irregular.

To expand the space resort to receive relocation or dismantling of internal partitions in the apartment.Place will have to borrow from the next room or corridor.In "Khrushchev" carriers are only the outer walls and system crossbars and columns.Therefore, all the internal partitions can be easily removed without damage to the building.The main thing to take care of obtaining permits in the relevant bodies.Not to be trapped, it is best to call an engineer-designer house that exactly say whether it is possible to demolish this partition, but if you want make the reconstruction project.New wall in the kitchen is best done from a moisture-resistant drywall.

Another thing for the kitchen are the communication.All these tubes are placed in the most prominent places at a great distance from the walls.External communications look disgusting.Does the apartment has gas pipeline, the transfer of such pipes in the corner to make can only gas service.With regard to water and sanitation, replace the plastic pipe can be yourself.To disguise their need to build a pipeline as close as possible to the floor, sometimes it is possible to hide the pipe in the wall.

walls in the kitchen, you can decorate a variety of materials: tiles, wallpaper or just paint.The boundary between the ceiling and walls can be decorated baseboards or moldings, as it is visually reduce the small kitchen even more significant.

To save space in the kitchen worktop can be used instead of the sill, the appropriate order-in kitchen.Do not install a large table in a small room.It is much better to find a small but ingenious solution.The use of folding furniture can be a great way out.For storage of utensils and products you need to make maximum use of the wall.

should be aware of the need to replace when repairing waterproofing bathrooms.All the old sewer risers, it is desirable to change to plastic.It is best to agree with the neighbors to make repairs plumbing centralized.If this is not possible, the transition metal-plastic to do the neighbors, and not within the overlap.Decorating the walls and ceilings in the bathrooms the same building materials as the kitchen, but with higher moisture resistance.

floors Leveling

Differences in floor levels in the kitchen and bathrooms rest rooms due to the fact that in these areas in the construction of concrete screed is arranged, and the rooms are made wooden floors on logs.Since the overlap is very thin, the sound proofing between floors very poor.Since these houses were built not more than 25 years, today they have been a violation of waterproofing.

When conducting a floor repair is necessary to align them on the same level or to make a comfortable transition.Soundproofing should be replaced.The floors throughout the apartment you need to insulate and soundproof.Any special instructions when carrying out repairs in the "Khrushchev" is not available, but we must remember that a layer of screed should be small, since the overlap is not designed for it.The best option is dense polystyrene foam insulation of the floor in the 2 - 5 cm thick pouring a thin screed or self-leveling floors.

Features ceiling finishes and walls in "Khrushchev»

Extremely small thickness of the walls in the apartment creates certain difficulties in finishing.Features and finishes restoring baffles depend on the material from which they are composed.If partitions wood and covered with plaster, they are very much subject to deformation, which leads to cracking.Prior to repair the walls on the edges need to strengthen the metal corners, which can be plastered on the reinforcing grid.Trimmed walls can be thick wallpaper, cork, decorative plaster or simply paint.The main task is to prevent an increase in the layer of finishing more than 2 cm. For this reason, it is impossible to use the trim, which is based on the use of the lath.

If walls are made of gypsum concrete or foam, trim them very easily.The main objective is their alignment.Use beacons is impossible for the same reason as with the wooden walls.Therefore it is necessary to cover only the starting filler in the most problematic areas.Fillers should be applied in several layers, so it is not cracked.

Another option is to finish walls with drywall without a skeleton, a complete dismantling of the walls and partitions, followed by the construction in their place new profile, covered with gypsum boards.This option still allows you to hide the electrical wires inside walls.

Are you there decided to drill holes for sockets and switches, be careful, because of the small thickness of the walls can break even the neighbors.Therefore, use special nozzles to drill.

uneven ceilings Khrushchev distinguished by the presence of huge joints between the slabs, differences between them can reach up to 2 cm. The ceiling in the withdrawal of one level is better to use tension or suspended ceilings.Just have to do it close to the main ceiling, since the height of the walls of the "Khrushchev" is also very small.

How to make alterations to the "Khrushchev»

Reschedule "Khrushchev" is much simpler than the more modern houses.This is because there is only bearing external walls and columns.Remove can almost all of the internal walls of the apartment.This makes it possible to integrate and expand the room for large size rooms.This approach allows to alter a three-room "Khrushchev" in the full-length normal one-bedroom apartment.In another case of one-bedroom apartment can make a one-room, the living room by expanding bedrooms.A good option is to dismantle barriers between the kitchen and one of the rooms.This allows you to make a small kitchen a large dining room with a cooking area.For the construction of new walls is best to use the frame and drywall.

note that any work on the redevelopment of apartments should be made only after obtaining permission.This is related to the safety of the entire building.If everything is done in accordance with the law and your wishes, your ugly and uncomfortable "Khrushchev" will become a great spacious apartment.