The chimney for the stove with his hands

chimney for the stove with your hands can be elevated to the case at hand it will be a diagram of masonry, and the handyman has at least minimal skills in the work of the mason.The construction of this card requires at least a serious approach than the construction of the furnace itself, as the quality of its masonry heating will depend on the efficiency, security living in the house, the total life of the entire heating installations.

working on the chimney, it must be remembered that his internal surfaces should be as smooth and accurate as external, as this factor has a direct impact on the creation of a good traction.

Species brick chimneys

Chimney pipes are divided into types depending on the location of the installation with respect to the furnace itself.So, they are indigenous, Shaft and walls.

• The most common design of a brick chimney is Shaft.It is installed directly on top of the heater and is its continuation.

• The second most popular is the root chimney.This kind of tube is characterized in that the furnace is installed adjacent to or included in its design and is placed with one of its sides.

Indigenous pipe can be installed for both brick and cast-iron stoves.Furthermore, a fundamental structure is often used for multiple heaters.For example, in two or three-storey house has one chimney passes through floors and connected thereto furnace.If you plan to use the tube in this manner, in this case, the accurate calculation of its parameters, otherwise there will be no normal thrust is to be produced, and hence will decrease and the efficiency of furnaces will increase the risk of penetration in the combustion space.

• pipe wall is built in the capital in-house or external walls.But, in the latter case, the chimney walls have very good heat insulation, as due to the large difference between the external and internal temperatures within the channel will be actively collected condensate, which greatly impairs the furnace operation by reducing cravings and promoting rapid overgrowing chimney soot.

It should be noted that while this structure is allocated a separate species, it can be both indigenous and Pack Top.

Design brick chimney

chimney has several departments.To understand its fundamental structure, as an example we can take the structure of the push-tube as it is often chosen design engineers, making the circuit-poryadovkoy furnaces.

Thus, the push-tube design with its passage through the attic floor and rafter system includes the following sections and elements:

1 - Metal cap or umbrella.It can take many forms, but its function is always to protect the internal space of the chimney from rain various kinds, as well as dust and dirt.

2 - headroom pipe consists of outwardly protruding bricks that protect the neck of the structure from rain drops that will run over the protective cap.Metal umbrella attached, including the projecting parts and the head.

3 - The neck of the tube.

4 - cemented or otherwise seal the surface slanted otters, designed to remove trapped water to the neck tube.

5 - Otter.This part of the design has a thicker wall than the neck of the tube.Otter shall be placed in a place of passage through the chimney and the roof truss system.The thick walls protect the otters combustible materials under the roof batten from overheating.

6 - roofing material.

7 - Crate truss system.

8 - Rafters.

9 - The riser pipe.This department is located in the attic of the house.

10 - fuzz.This part of the chimney begins from the ceiling inside the house premises, passes through the attic floor and ends in the attic, just above or level with the joists.Fuzz as well as otter has thicker walls than the neck and the riser pipe.Increased thickness and protects against overheating wooden beams and other combustible materials, or the attic floor decks.

It should be noted that in some cases, instead of fuzz in its place around the pipe is installed metal box, filled with non-flammable materials, such as sand, vermiculite or expanded clay.The function of this layer having a thickness of 100 ÷ 150 mm, as is the protection of combustible ceiling material from overheating.

11 - Floor beams.

12 - Insulation, which is often made of asbestos, in any case need to create fire safety, as the chimney wall will come into contact with wood ceiling beams, and other materials, of which the floor and ceiling.

13 - Smoke valve, which is in the room at the top of the pipe, allowing to adjust the intensity of the withdrawn stream of heated air and combustion products.

14 - The neck tube that begins at the top of the furnace - overhang.

dimensioning chimney

Principle chimney system are in the movement of air masses from the combustion chamber to the exit to the street, that is, from the bottom of the top.This process occurs through a thrust which arises in connection with changes in temperature and pressure.It is because of all these factors and made the proper functioning of the flue system.

to create optimal aerodynamic processes, pipe size must match the channel capacity of the furnace, which, in turn, depends on the size of the firebox.Flue internal surface area should have smooth walls through which air flows will slide freely without turbulence, and thus will not be created reverse thrust.That is why quite often in the square brick built chimney tab of the round ceramic tube having a perfectly smooth surface and has no internal angles.

size in section

In connection with the above factors should be very carefully calculate the internal dimensions of the chimney, while taking into account its length, since the larger the value, the higher the pipe rod.

great importance for the creation of the normal thrust and the proper functioning of the heating device has a matching parameters chimney passage and the boiler output, as well as the size and number of channels provided for the construction and extending inside the furnace.If the parameters

chimney internal dimensions in cross section will exceed the design value, it will lead to rapid cooling of the heated air therein, and occurrence of condensation, and hence reduction of traction.In this case, the required balance is broken, and cooling down the top of the tubes flows down can return, creating smoke in the room.

size chimney hole is calculated as follows:

• chimney fireplace with an open combustion chamber size roughly equivalent to a ratio of 1:10 (flue-section (f) / area of ​​the combustion chamber window (F)).This formula is valid in general for square or rectangular or cylindrical pipe-type, but not directly, and including a channel shaped cross section and a total height of the chimney.
• furnace flue size with a closed combustion chamber has a ratio of 1: 1.5.In the case where heat dissipation is less than the heating facilities 300 kcal / hour, the cross section usually has a size of 130 × 130 mm, or half-brick (at least).In the calculations must take into account that the size of the chimney cross-section must not be smaller than the inlet of the blower.

When calculating the chimney flue can use the following table.

height of the pipe H, m	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
	ratio f / F in%
pipe cross section	Round	11.2	10.5	10	9.5	9.1	8.7	8.9
Square	12.4	11.6	11	10.5	10.1	9.7	9.4
Rectangular	13.2	12.3	11.7	11.2	10.6	10.2	9.8

note the direct dependence of the cross section of the chimney is notonly parameters of the furnace, and the height of the tube.Perhaps sometimes in the calculations will be more expedient to repel it from this parameter.For example, it will look ridiculous 11-meter high chimney at a one-storey country house.

The same dependence, but it is more accurately represented as a graph.

size Suppose you want to calculate the cross-section of chimney for a fireplace with a furnace, where the window dimensions are 500 × 700 mm, that is, the total area - 0,35 m².It is assumed that the building is acceptable for tube overall height 7 meters.

• look at the flow chart:

- for round chimney optimal ratio f / F = 9,9% ;

- for square - 11,1% ;

- for rectangular - 11,7% .

• is easy to calculate the optimum area of ​​the chimney section of the channel:

- circle: 0,35 × 0,099 = 0,0346 m² ;

- square: 0,35 × 0,11 = 0,0385 m² ;

- rectangle: 0,35 × 0,117 = 0,041 m² .

• Now, using simple geometric formulas, it is easy to bring the area to the linear dimensions:

- the diameter of the round tube: d = 2 × √S / π = 2 × √0.0346 / 3.14 ≈ 0.209 m = 210 mm .

- side of the square tube: and = √S = √0,0385 ≈ 0,196 m = 196 mm .

- in a rectangle can be different options - such 0,130 × 0,315 m or 130 × 315 mm .

Of course, these dimensions are obtained for a guide, and are usually "attached" to the standard diameters of the pipes or the size of bricks.

chimney height

About the height of the pipe mentioned above, but there was already known from the calculation of its value.And what should be the optimum height?

To calculate the height of the chimney should be also taken into account several factors.The hot air passing through the interior of the furnace and the flue gas channels, leaving it immediately cools and therefore, the longer it will stay within the channels, the longer it will linger in the heat furnace.

Correctly chosen height of the tube contributes to the normalization of traction and at the same time - a long-term preservation of heat inside the structure.For example, if a pipe to lift a little higher than the required calculations, the thrust can be increased to such an extent that the heat will not stay in the oven for a long time, which means that it will not have time to warm up and release heat into the room.In connection with this it is necessary to enclose all the time the fuel, making the furnace operation is extremely uneconomical.But the pipe is too low can lead to the creation in reverse thrust system that will provoke entering the living rooms of unburned gases.The same phenomenon can be and by the non-section of the chimney height of his inner channel.

Under existing rules the tube height (or rather - the vertical distance from the grate to the mouth of the chimney) can not be less than 5 meters.

height of the chimney above the roof is usually calculated separately, while taking into account parameters such construction house building, as the angle of the roof, the thickness of the roof covering and the distance between the chimney and the roof ridge.All calculations are carried out without taking into account the height of the protective hood (bonnet), covering the tube top.

If the flue pipe is to be installed on the roof of the wrong, the output from it will appear warm air turbulence that greatly reduce cravings.Therefore, the chimney must be raised above the plane of the roof, subject to certain rules, which relate to the level of its outlet relative to a line skate:

• If the pipe goes through the roof at a distance of up to 1500 mm from the ridge, its height above it should be at least 500 mm.
• If the pipe out of the roof at a distance of 1,500 ÷ 3,000 mm from the ridge, it should be up to his level.
• In the case where the flue pipe passes through the roof at a distance of 3000 mm from the ridge and its top edge should be located on an imaginary line drawn at an angle 10˚ot horizontally from the top of the ridge.

Nevertheless, at whatever distance was no chimney is located on the ridge, it must rise above the roof not less than 500 mm.This applies to the flat roof.

It should be noted that the chimney - it is a serious piece of engineering, and independently provide all the details of its construction - is quite difficult.Therefore, to the stove to function properly, it is recommended to use professional services, computer software, or prepared schemes.Typically, the wizard put their development-poryadovkoy, which already indicated the optimum size of chimney channels.And the initiative in such matters should not be.

How to choose the "right" brick masonry chimney?

To erected the tube lasts a long time, and brick is not destroyed by the temperature difference and the influence of external environmental impacts, it is necessary to choose the right material.In addition, robust brickwork must provide complete fire safety for surrounding combustible materials chimney.

For the main characteristics to be full-bodied brick, refractory and fired.

To build a brick chimney chosen for its grade, which is determined by the firing level, and is divided into three categories:

• I sort of - it's the best of burned building material.

-quality, well-burnt brick first class has the following characteristics:

- bright red color or with a slight yellow tinge.

- Good clay density.

- Smooth no trace of crumbling edges and smooth surfaces without scoring.

- While rapping quality bricks with a hammer, he must issue a ringing sound enough.

• II grade - unburned brick, can be described as follows:

- pale orange color desaturated.

- Low frost resistance, density and heat capacity.

- High porosity.

- While rapping this brick gives a short muffled sound.

- On surfaces of the second grade of brick may be a small teaser of his ribs may have spalled areas.

• III grade - dead burned brick.