Types of bulbs and types of caps

buying in a store or that light, we must first of all pay attention to what light bulbs to fit him.Included with the device are not available, so it is important to know those varieties that are presented on the market today.Differ form the bulb, the size, capacity, and a cap, which they are fixed in the cartridge lamp.Through a lamp current flows.

make themselves caps with metal or ceramic.Inside them there are contacts for supplying current to the working element of the lamp.Each fixture is equipped with one or more cartridges for mounting lamps.Plinth purchased bulbs should in shape and size to meet them.Therefore, when buying a lamp is important to orient in the types and styles of bulbs caps to his suit.

In addition, the majority of light is required to change from time to time, because they do not have a high durability.To make the best choice and not to get lost in all their diversity, it is important to know what all the different types of lamps and other types of caps.In addition to the cap, when you buy the lamp you need to take into consideration the power consumption of the lamp voltage, its dimensions and wiring diagram to the chandelier.

What are the types of caps

There is a great variety of types of lamp base, which today are used in various fields.In this connection, there classification, whereby all types can be divided into several groups.In the everyday life we ​​are often faced with only two of them: the screw and pin.Let us consider each of these two types.

threaded socket

Traditionally considered to be threaded cap, or in a different way - screw.It marked the Latin letter E. This type of cap is widely used in many kinds of lamps, including most of the household.After the letter should definitely go a number that indicates the diameter of the threaded connection.The household light bulbs use two sizes of threaded connection - E14 and E27.For more powerful lamps, such as street lighting, there are sockets E40.

threaded socket type we are used to seeing in almost all home lighting fixtures.Most modern lamps equipped with just such a connection structure.It is considered the most convenient for the consumer.Dimensions of threaded connection for the lamps were not changed for decades, so even modern LED lighting, which you have purchased today may well be screwed into an old vintage chandelier 30 - 40-ies of the last century.It is very important for anyone who is interested in the revival of ancient things.

In the US and Canada caps sizes are not the same as European ones.This is due to the fact that there is 110 V. Therefore, the voltage on the network, to avoid accidental screwing European light bulbs have a diameter: E12, E17, E26 and E39.

pin base

It is also quite a popular base, which has been successfully used in different types of lamps.It represents two metal pins, which play the role of electrical contacts simultaneously.Retention lamp holder is carried by these pins as they are inserted into the cartridge sufficiently tight.The pins may be different in diameter and the distance between them.Hence the letter marking the G, which means that this pin base, and the number after that is a gap between the two pins.For example, G4 sockets, G9 or G13.

This kind of caps found in virtually all types of bulbs: incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, LED.Besides traditional

listed above, there are several rarer types of caps, which are less popular, but, nevertheless, used in some types of lamps.

• Socles having recessed contact (R).They are used primarily for devices with high-intensity work, which are powered by the AC.
• Bayonet cap (B) allow the most convenient and fast to replace a light bulb in a cartridge due to the fact that their side contacts are asymmetric.In fact, this advanced analogue threaded type cap.
• Odnoshtyrkovye (F), that there are three distinct subspecies: cylindrical, with a corrugated surface and the special shape.
• soffit caps (S) used in the lamps of different hotels and car lighting appliances.They are distinguished by a kind of two-way symmetrical arrangement of contacts.
• Fixing (P) sockets are used in special high-power spotlights and flashlights.
• Phone (T) caps are fitted with bulbs for the various controls, varying lighting, signal lamps mounted in the automation shields.

Often, available on the plinth, marking lamp consists of several letters.The second letter often is a subspecies of the fixture:

• V - socket having a conical end.
• U - energy-saving fluorescent.
• A - automotive lamp.

Types of lighting bulbs

It's about the most common lamps, which we normally use in homes, offices and various production facilities.It is possible for them to carry the incandescent lamp, energy saving lamps, halogen, fluorescent and LED.Let us examine in detail each of these species.

incandescent bulbs

This is probably the most common lamps, despite the fact that her age is more than 150 years, and over the past 100 years, it almost does not change much, we enjoy it so far.The fact is that its production is very cheap and simple construction.It is a flask without air, encasing a tungsten filament.Under the action of electric current, it is heated to a high temperature and emits light.Modern lamps Tungsten is one feature: the room temperature resistance of tungsten filament is very low, approximately 15 times lower than the worker, which increases the risk of burnout during the passage of a strong current at the time of inclusion.The first lamps were used, graphite filament resistance which conversely decreases with increasing temperature.This gave the effect of a gradual increase in brightness.At the same time, graphite yarn worked out their resources faster.

On the characteristics of incandescent lamps much less than other types of lamps.The term of service of conventional bulbs is approximately around 1000 hours.It is noteworthy that in the fire of the small town of Livermore, in California, there is a light that illuminates since 1901 This, of course, an exception to the rule.In addition to short-term operation, incandescent grow turbid over time due to vapors generated in the flask.This greatly reduces their luminosity.Incandescent lamps shine yellow light, which is close to the spectral characteristics of sunlight.Almost all incandescent lamps are available with E14 and E27.The exceptions are small bulbs, which are a couple of decades ago, is screwed into the lanterns and Christmas tree garland.Today it is difficult to find a patron for these bulbs.

Among the lamps of this type are special reflector lamps.Their distinguishing feature is the silver-plated inner surface of the bulb.Such devices are used to generate a directional light beam, when it is necessary to illuminate some object.On the shelves there are reflector lamps that are labeled R50, R63 and R80, where the number - is the diameter of the lamp.As regards the cap, it is the same as that of ordinary incandescent lamps.Some bulbs have frosted glass for more diffused light.There are also multi-colored lights used to create different lighting effects.

Halogen

This bulb will last about four times longer than normal bulb.Manufacturers claim that its service life may be about 4000 hours, and the so-called color rendering index - 100%.On your device the lamp is not much different from the usual, but added to the flask pair of substances such as iodine or bromine.This greatly increases the light output and lifetime.Modern halogen lamps have a luminous efficacy of 20-30 lumens / watt, which is maintained throughout the term provided for the operation and is not lost over time, as a conventional incandescent bulbs.

The most common halogen lamps are much smaller than the usual size.They have a wide variety of forms, and the sockets are: G9, G4, R7S, GU10.There is even a lamp with halogen built into the flask of conventional bulbs with E27 base.

Lack of a halogen lamp one - a low-frequency noise when used with dimmers that regulate the luminosity.The most widely used type of such lamps found in the automotive industry.Modern headlamps of vehicles equipped with it halogen lamps.

tubular fluorescent lamps

These light sources have a characteristic elongated shape of a tube of varying length and diameter.Last denoted by the letter T on the label.For example, T12 (8/12 inch diameter = 3.8 cm).For such lamps require special fixtures to the triggering device.It is required in order to create an electromagnetic field inside the bulb, capable of causing luminescence of the phosphor exposed to mercury vapor.In such lamps glows no part of that at times increases their profitability and efficiency as well as the need for heating substances and eliminates almost all of the energy is converted into light output.Socles in lamps of this type often pin and located on both sides of the flask.

Energy saving lamp types

This term is common to use against small fluorescent lamps.They now gained high popularity because of their ability to reduce energy consumption significantly.They are sold in any stores, and set them into a regular socket with thread is not a problem, since they are provided with the same caps.

Thanks to modern technological developments, energy saving light bulbs have a very compact dimensions, different variations of power, a great variety of forms, but particularly long service life and exceptional performance.However, we must remember that these lights "do not like" too frequent switching on and off, as well as all fluorescent lamps, require special conditions of disposal, as the mercury vapor contained in them is very dangerous to humans and the environment.Today, there are energy-saving lamps with all types of caps: E14, E27, GU10, G9, GU5.3, G4, GU4.

LED lamps

They can also be called "energy saving", but this is not their main advantage.With substantial energy savings, they have a truly immense durability, which can amount to tens of thousands of hours and years.From 25 000 to 100 000 hours LED bulb will last, which is equal to 3-12 years of continuous operation.In addition, the light output from them is almost one hundred percent.LEDs do not use heat, so these lamps are perfectly safe in terms of fire.Most LED lamps equipped with standard socket, which allows their use in all fixtures.They are completely environmentally friendly, as it does not contain any harmful substances.

Among the shortcomings should be noted only a very high cost.Of course, this is compensated by a very long life.Acquire the cheaper LED lamps is not recommended, because by saving on capacitors they shine invisible shimmer that covertly affect vision.Another disadvantage is shifted toward the blue emission spectrum that does not correspond to natural sunlight.LEDs shine cold enough unnatural light.

Using energy-saving light source allows greatly save on electricity.At the same time, when you buy should be attentive to the choice of the manufacturer and only buy well-known models, as otherwise many of the advantages are not so obvious.