Wiring in the apartment with his hands

The comfort of modern life depends on the availability of reliable source of electrical energy.On her tied almost everything - space lighting, cooking and storing food, space heating and water heating, air conditioning and ventilation, means communication and access to information, dozens of other devices and equipment, without which it is difficult to imagine its Existence.

electricity providers operating in our time stably without serious and long failures , and if the consumer timely pay for the services, he can count on the full access to the existing "benefits of civilization".But that's only utility companies ensure the power supply to the "watershed» - to counter consumed energy.And then begins the zone of responsibility of property owner, and his right to arrange all points of lighting and electrical connections in optimal quantities, from his point of view, and in an easy to use location.But how to approach the solution of this

question?It will be installed wiring in the apartment with his hands, or better to still use the services of electricians?

Definitely this question can not be answered.Much depends on the readiness, «special qualification» homeowners in physics, electrical engineering.Another important factor is the ability to long-term planning, as the work on the replacement of wiring meant for many years ahead .And in the end, the landlord must have a good baggage of skills in the field of civil engineering works - without this, too, will not cost .

The purpose of this publication - to give the landlord an idea of ​​the magnitude of events for laying house electricity supply on basic principles its planning, the correct distribution of loads on receptions cable installation parts and elektroarmaturnyh products, other important nuances.It will be able to understand whether or not, to take on such a volume work yourself, or still invite skilled craftsmen.From the point of view of professionals, without the presence of practice and without admission of electrical safety best such work does not itself carry out, as there are many nuances that are simply impossible to describe the scale of a single article - their knowledge comes from years of experience. Nevertheless , know fundamentals laying wiring in apartment will useful for any owner - will be possible to monitor the work of the masters (alas, there are among them crooks), and such an understanding of the issue never for living safe operation will superfluous.

When to go seal new wiring in the apartment?

one who gets a new apartment in homes that were built and gave up on the old principle - «turnkey» (although, as a rule,with not very high quality), he knows how, often , uncomfortable, ill-conceived there were placed the point of connection to the mains.Yes, all in line with the old state standards, but the trouble is that these standards were written when the richness of human life a variety of electrical appliances was significantly different from the current conditions.

With the acquisition of new equipment falls stretching the flat extensions or even lay new lines, as some electrical installations is not enough estimated old power wires.Stretched on by lamas cables - that certain feeling dismforta , and an obvious minus interior decoration of the room.

Moreover, in case of insufficiency of connections many residents, poorly versed in electrical engineering, operate at times unimaginable connection via tees, even using them in several stages.Alas, this is a direct road to the emergence of a fire situation apartment.

And when sooner or later the time comes to do ma nt in St. Oei apartment, the most sensible step - in full, from the point input andto the last outlet, and replace wiring, and all elektroarmaturnuyu part by planning the installation of power connection is most convenient, efficient and secure.

There still one very important reason ever completely change the cable portion.The fact that the construction of high-rise buildings in the old days, for reasons of economy, internal wiring in most cases made of aluminum wires.Aluminium has like and good performance of electrical conductivity, but now it is almost for these purposes does not apply, as its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages of.

• First , very soft metal by itself.He easily deformed, pressed by using the contact screw terminals and washers etc .- Twice in the same place to make Comte kt BP poison to succeed - just a wire break in thinning place.That eats, repairs to the aluminum wiring is extremely difficult. Plumbing it is very difficult, and home wiring installation conditions would be extremely impractical to use such technology.
• However, aluminum is ductile only when it is, we say, "fresh".This metal has a surprising property - electrochemical processes occurring in it when passing current, over time, radically change the properties of the substance.After 15 ÷ 20 years of service (and for wiring - it is very small period of time) aluminum wires become brittle.Not excluded sudden breakages network, almost unreasonable to find that it is very difficult, and to eliminate - even more difficult as the wire can break even with careful attempts to make a new twist or bend it to the terminal connections.

• More one striking feature: it would seem, it is very resistant to corrosion of the metal, but there it was!If the conductor has got at least a small amount of water, then under the influence of electricity are inevitable processes of galvanic corrosion. And , they may not be visible externally - to mean a wire inside can be "eaten up" so that even a small load causes heating , sparking or failure.Sometimes to touch any such wire leads to its breaking off.

In other words, if the deal with the Power Engineering seriously, then you need not hesitate to replace all the old aluminum wiring on on reliably copper.Electrical parameters in her even higher plasticity - a good (but not excessive), and does not change any of time, from any operating under heavy loads.The cost of copper wires, of course, is much higher, but the wiring is done in the apartment, as already mentioned, in the decades ahead , and save on such matters is simply unreasonable.At the same time the replacement can simultaneously solve all problems with the optimization of the placement of all the elements of a home electrical outlet.

If the host acquired new apartment, in a house that was put on a "do it yourself", there is nothing to think - you need to carefully plan the entire apartment grid with considering his vision electrical layout and furniture in the rooms, and takeposting just a first - still before pouring floors, walls and ceilings . following text will become clear why this is so.

More several arguments in favor of not upgrading or repair, and alteration of the capital of the old wiring.

1. In the old days the grounding circuit in residential buildings are not considered obligatory, and all the in-house network system were laid by TN-C , when the working ground zero and was wound on a single wire (PEN) still on electrical substation.The only advantage of this approach - easy installation and minimal material consumption, as all sockets in the apartment only two tangled wires - and zero phase.

When you restart or the breakdown of a metal electrical cabinet very likely appearance of dangerous voltage for life.Moreover, this type of contact connections are not gives work correctly and devices (RCD), some modern switching power supply.Today, this system is not used, somewhere - even prohibited by law, and it be sure to change to one of the more advanced systems: TN-S or TN-C-S .

TN-S increasingly used in private homes, which organized its own grounding system .Though, can and in apartment buildings to be organized grounding bus, joined by welding and extending from the outer contour of the ground on all floors.

Yet often in multi-storey residential buildings, a system TN-C-S , which gluhozazemlёnnaya neutral section on at two conductors - the working zero and ground loopdirectly in the driveway distribution board.

In either of the latter two cases, the wiring is already used three pins - phase, neutral and ground.You can just mention the color coding of the wires - one must comply with the applicable standards.

Please note that the color of the phase conductor may be different.But zero and grounding - are binding coloring, so that it not be mistaken for electrical maintenance.

By the way, in the same cable can be concluded and a few of the phase conductors.They together will vary in color, but all equal to two conductors will be allocated their obligatory painting - "Zero work" and "earth".

Many modern appliances are equipped with a three-prong plug.So, you need to make an important clarification.When installing new outlets owners , of course, try to establish a three-well.However, if your apartment has not organized for wiring diagrams TN-S or TN-C-S , then in any case do not bridge between the zero terminal and ground directly to the outlet.

What can be done at the level of switchboard - absolutely unacceptable directly at the point of connection.This not only gives the desired effect, but also to boost the level of danger.The probability of occurrence of electric shock or fire hazard in this connection - awesome!Better do not have a connection to earth than to organize similar.

And even better - mount new wiring according to the rules!

2. Another important argument is that the principle of the wiring itself, previously applied at a residential building - a very imperfect. This is the so-called "dosing" load.To understand - remember the old distribution access panels.Electric, two automatic (or fuse - plug) - and all.Two wires were in the apartment, lost somewhere in the thickness of the wall, and from them were made in the terminal box tap on each point of light or outlet.In short, as the thin branches away from the tree trunk, so from the main wire cuttings were made.Again: from the point of view of efficiency - it is profitable, but in all otherwise - does not hold water.

This system is literally swarming with torsions on each branch, and any extra wiring - it is always the vulnerable wiring space.If necessary, disconnect one of the rooms had to forcibly turn off the power in the entire apartment.Even a minor accident, accidental fault on one of the branches led to the shutdown of the apartment across the network.Well, if there was something serious (open or blown cables hidden in the wall), and then search for the emergency area, and repairs turned into a very complex problem.

zone All of this is easily avoided by organizing zoned wiring system - from the insertion point, that is, from the apartment distribution board, are laid separate supply line to the appropriate section of the wire, the corresponding load, each room, on each electrical high power, on each group outlets or lighting.Yes, of course, the cable is potrebuesh much more, but the home power grid will be comfortable and safe in operation, it will be easy to upgrade or repair required.

The cornerstone - planning home power

So, the first stage in any case - will be carried out overhaul . or wiring will be installed in a new apartment, there is always drawing electrical circuit apartment.And the best thing is to do their own - nobody but owners will not be able to do it qualitatively.

Perhaps someone doubts undertake such planning in their abilities.Do not worry - it is not necessary to hurry, doing everything consistently, step by step.And you make sure it's not that difficult.

To start, you need to prepare a plan of his apartment.The options here can be a little.First, you can make a copy of the technical passport.Second, is current mu mu zhchi not should make labor vchertit exemplary scheme (best of all, of course - on the scale) on plain paper.Thirdly, if desired , you can find a model project of the house where the apartment is located.(This document can be DEZe , other operating or design organization. It is possible that the aid will come Internet).And fourth , modern computer engineering applications ( CAD ) allow you to quickly and accurately perform the required drawing .

For example take scheme studio, performed in just a 10 minutes CAD .The order of the residential electrical network planning network with a different number and arrangement of rooms does not change - principles remain the same.