Ladder with their hands

in private households ladders are used for numerous purposes, including not only fixed, but also mobile (portable) versions.Ladder allows access to a variety of high-rise buildings under construction and repairs, it is convenient to climb into the attic or roof, remove the fruit from the high fruit trees.Today, a similar design is available in many yards.If you have not got a portable ladder, it can be made independently.

Appointment ladders

in private households convenient and reliable ladder virtually indispensable as it allows access to the places to which it is impossible to reach withhuman height.

Such designs allow:

• perform construction and repair, as well as finishing work on the construction of the facade;
• perform washing windows, checking and replacement of wiring, installation of meters and fixtures, cleaning of drainage pipes outside the building;
• harvest with highly placed branches of fruit trees;
• carry out the inspection and repair of the roof covering, inspect chimneys and dormers.

Thus, without quality portable ladders in many cases simply can not do.

Species ladders

for repairs, and housekeeping is convenient to use a ladder.Such a structure of wooden beams, metal pipes or parts leans against the wall or a tree at an angle of about 75 °.

sale includes the following kinds of ladders:

• simple collapsible - are straightforward products of fixed length, consisting of a fixed supporting bowstrings on their steps, which are mounted in the grooves or on edges bowstrings;
• folding - design data of several sections connected by hinges, can be stored in the room.Before using this ladder expanded by acquiring the desired shape;
• sliding - ergonomic design of two parts, equipped with guides providing easy sliding.Sections of these models firmly fixed and withstand heavy loads.Sliding ladder when folded takes up little space, it is convenient to transport and store.On sale is an easy-to-use sliding lightweight design in the form of Extra-aluminum ladders (such products are characterized by low weight and equipped with profiled steps which prevent slipping);
• ladders - universal model that can be used for any work outside of the building, as well as in confined spaces.At the site Side-ladders can be installed the necessary tools for work and capacity.

Design requirements

To ladder quite reliable and strong, a number of rules should be taken into account when planning its design and manufacturing process.On the basis of the calculations and tests carried out the relevant regulations have been developed.According to them, it is necessary to take into account the following recommendations and requirements regarding the structural performance of similar products:

• recommended length ladder - up to 5 m;
• structure to impart the necessary stability special nozzles should be used, which may be removable.If you are installing ladders on soft ground at the bottom of the support post is fixed lining with steel pins that need to be recessed into the soil.To avoid sliding side plates on a smooth hard surface on which rubber "boots" worn underneath.In order to secure the top of the bowstrings used removable hooks;
• most convenient to move the ladder increments of 30-35 cm;
• steps should not be left outside support beams - to secure the mount to be their bowstrings in the grooves;
• pedestals must seal the top and bottom, and the entire length of - a step of at least two meters, special tie bolts;
• not allowed to use products with cross cracks in the wood longitudinal must not exceed a depth of 5 mm and a length of 15 cm, and should exclude any weakening of the fixation bars racks.Close up the crack filler is not allowed;
• metal structural members should be deprived of burrs, sharp edges, and the edges;
• sliding design equipped with a special lock, to prevent accidental movement of the ladder.Stairs equipped with wheels equipped with a locking mechanism to avoid their movement during work.

should be tested annually ladder, even if it was not in use during this period.To this end, it should be set at an angle of 65-75 ° and sequentially mounted on each stage of the load of 120 kg.

materials used

For the manufacture of stairs must use strong and durable material.Regardless of the size of a ladder, it is required that the construction does not possess too great weight.The sale are similar articles made of metal (aluminum or stainless steel), wood.Furthermore, the construction can be purchased from plastic reinforced with fiberglass for reinforcement - the lightweight and strong material simultaneously different chemical resistance and is a dielectric.Fiberglass step ladders, stairs can be used at work and at home, as it is indispensable for the home master device when connected to a power source, repairs or laying new wiring lines in the area, in a house in the attic.

At home, the easiest way to make a wooden ladder.softwood (spruce or pine) is suitable for this purpose.It is necessary to prepare a strong, well dried and smooth sticks or logs without knots, warps and transversal cracks.In addition, the rejection of a tree with signs of rot and insect infestation.The wood used is required to process antiseptic impregnation - this measure will save the details of construction of the deformation and decay, and greatly extend the life of the device.

If you are interested in information, how to make a wooden ladder, you must consider the following.The cross section of the bars should be adjusted in future depending on the length of the ladder:

• from 4x5 cm - for the side supports of stairs up to 3 m;
• from 4x8 cm - should use bars with a cross section of not less than 2x4 cm, different design would be too fragile for the side racks products longer than 3 m

For rungs (steps)..As a rule, section 3x4 or 3,5h4 is enough.Note that the bars are too thick heavier construction.For convenient movement of the stairs quite the width of 50 cm

Types steps attachment to the lateral uprights

following mounting methods can be used to connect beams with stands ladder:.

• the easiest option is to surface mount the steps- in such cases on top of the crossbar withs fixed with nails or screws.Standing on a staircase falls on the edge of the bar, which is not very convenient.This design is not very durable, and suitable except as a temporary option;
• installation steps into the grooves on the support post - it on the string cut notches respectively form all rungs.Further rungs are inserted into the grooves and fixed by means of nails or screws;
• connection "tongue and groove" - ​​in this case, the spikes are formed on the ends of the bars, which are inserted into grooves carved in the supporting pillars of the stairs.This connection provides the most robust and reliable fixation steps.

How to make a ladder with your hands

On sale represented a considerable amount of ladders - for domestic use, and use in the construction of the factory.Modern technologies allow to use them for the manufacture of a variety of materials, including metal hollow tube or corners, as well as fiberglass.As a rule, these products are characterized by considerable price.For domestic use is fine a simple design that is easy to make yourself.The Internet can be accessed with the schemes of similar products and choose the most suitable option.Next, you need to draw a drawing of a ladder, and then calculate the required amount of materials.

• chisel, hammer and screwdriver;:

  

  following tools and accessories are needed for the manufacture of a ladder with their hands

• roulette;
• carpenter's pencil;
• plane;
• circular saw;
• Grinder;
• electric.

In addition, you will need to prepare two pieces of wood of a suitable length for the struts, as well as wood for the production of beams.For the construction of stairs preferred to use well-dried pine lumber - should choose straight bars without knots, kososloya, cracks and chips.This timber is required to process antiseptic.

ladder manufacturing technology

step by step instructions, how to make a ladder with your hands:

1. If you have the skills to work with carpentry tools to produce parts for assembly ladder is simple:

• need to first molded woodentwo bars with a string of the same length, the lower edge of its recommended to cut at an angle to prevent slipping;
• more necessary to cut the bars into pieces 60 cm in length for manufacturing slats number of steps calculated from the desired step height (typically about 290-350 mm).;
• corners parts should round out a plane or a router and sanded to a smooth surface.

1. On a flat surface lay the supporting ladder racks, positioning them in such a way that the distance between the upper ends of the beams was 40 cm between the bottom - 60 cm. The future of the string must be secured in such a position temporarily nailed boards on both sides.
2. In accordance with the selected step ladders apply to the beams markup places rungs location.
3. steps necessary to adjust the length depending on the distance between the withs, and then numbered according to the position on the supporting beams.
4. at the ends of beams required molded spikes in planned stages attachment points on the string - shaped grooves corresponding to them as closely as possible, allowing for installation with a tight fitting parts.Slots need to cut down a chisel.
5. Spike and groove joinery treated with glue.Further spike or wrapped with gauze bandage in 1-2 layers, back coat with the adhesive composition and then inserted into the groove.In this way, starting from the top, the ladder is required to implement a coherent assembly.
6. Under the top of the stairs and under the bottom, drill through holes in the bowstrings to install coupling bolts.
7. bolts are inserted into the holes, fasten nuts with inserted under their wide washers.
8. Next ladder should be covered with varnish or paint.
9. If necessary, from the bottom to support the ends of the worn anti-slip pads - pins or "shoes" can be mounted on top of the special hooks for a secure fit of the stairs.

How to make a collapsible ladder

Down stairs is very easy to use, it is used as a stepladder.In such a folded structure is characterized by compact dimensions, it can be placed for storage in the basement or the attic.For its construction will require the same materials that are used in the manufacture of a simple ladder.In addition, also need to prepare a nylon cord, connecting transforming mechanisms in the form of joints, as well as the steel bolts and nuts.

to manufacture foldable ladder first uses the same procedure as in the previous case - prepared bowstring and steps and are fixed to each other.It is necessary to fabricate two identical sections (each of which may be the same width along the entire length or expanding downward).Thereafter you need to install coupling bolts, and then cover the surface sections of varnish or waterproof paint.Thereafter section needed to interconnect joints, the joints securing bolts and nuts.To the operation of stairs in the form of a ladder to restrict its mobility, should be attached to the bowstring several layers of nylon cord or other restrictor required length (from the metal wire with a thickness of 8 mm or a piece of wood).

After installation, you must test the reliability of the design - it should conduct tests ladder in different positions.

How to ladder - videos