Russian oven with his own hands

To perform any work on the construction of a brick kiln, it is recommended to study carefully the instruction and a good deal in the schemes and even better - an internship with an experienced stove-maker.

Russian oven with his own hands can be folded under the guidance of a qualified master, which does not allow to make mistakes while laying and reading poryadovkoy.You should know that even a single brick laid wrong can ruin all the work done.There are cases when, due to a misstep had to spend the clutch again, as created or very strong craving unnecessary, resulting in an overrun of firewood, or whether it was absent altogether.

If, despite all the difficulties and cautions, still decided to try on the role of the stove-maker, not obvious in this "fatal" error, you must strictly follow the rules of operation and the most serious way to approach the selection of high quality material.

To avoid claims from fire inspection, to know that all capitally arranged heaters should be fully comply with the established parameters (

SNIP 41 - 01-2003).

basic structure of the Russian stove

Russian oven may have a different model, but she alwaysa heating and cooking, plus the - necessarily the oven and even a small couch.

order, to start work on construction of such facilities, it is necessary to become familiar with the structure of the furnace, to know the name of each of its department.

basic layout of traditional Russian furnace presupposes the following departments:

1 - Podpeche arranged for drying wood in reserve.This unit is not available on all models of furnaces, because it is not sufficiently functional.

2 - Cold stove, too, are not always satisfied, but it is characteristic for the Russian oven.This unit is used to store dishes.

3 - hearth - a niche in front of the crucible.It is here that often settles cooking stove, oven if has a slightly different structure.If the plate is not in the hearth in the furnace allowed cooked food, for it to remain hot longer.

4 - Under - is the bottom of the cooking chamber or crucible.This furnace element satisfied with a slight slope to the entrance to the chamber, to facilitate the movement set in her dishes.In addition, the surface of this element is recommended to polish well.

5 - cooking chamber or furnace, in traditional ovens in it lay the wood and put the ovenproof dish in which food is prepared.Body chamber as well as underneath and make a slight slope to the input.This configuration contributes to the accumulation of hot air under the ceiling, and it is well warms couch and side walls of the furnace.

6 - Peretrube - it niche on hearth, over it begins flue pipe.

7 - Duszniki or samovarnik was arranged previously and intended for pipes from the samovar, which is installed in this hole. Samovarnik out in smoke output pipe.Today this department in the oven often is not satisfied, since it no need.

8 - Heat channel on hearth.

9 - damper - a box with a door that closes the chimney completely.Through this hole get to the valve that regulates the draft, moving horizontally.The damper is a metal, is well treated on the edges of the plate.Today, this special element is often replaced by a latch.

10 - Location flap.

11 - couches positioned above the crucible, behind the chimney.During firing the furnace department is always well heated.Previously we used the couch in the winter, ka to to Rowan, so it was arranged large enough so that the space enough for several people.

in which will be presented below modernized version of the Russian stove, poryadovkoy, some elements of the traditional structure replaced. However , the new model has become more functional, since it appeared cooking stove and hot water tank.

modern version differs from the traditional still and the fact that it provided warming podtopochnogo department - through this oven is much faster reaches the desired temperature, and from her more heat enters the room.

presence in the construction of various departments allows in the summer heat just a cooking stove for cooking, not otaplivaya all structure completely, which contributes to maintaining the desired microclimate in the houseand fuel economy.In the winter time, when all channels are heated, the furnace becomes multifunctional - can simultaneously be an oven, a stove, to heat water and space, as well as being warm bed.

These changes were made possible when installed in the construction of more "summer" valve for the cooking chamber.

modern version of the furnace is able to maintain a comfortable temperature in the area of ​​35 ÷ 40 m².

Getting Started on the Russian stove, it is necessary to make the arrangements that begin with planning the installation site.

Selecting a location for the Russian stove

very important point is the right choice of the place where the building will be erected.If the oven is set in a wooden building, it must necessarily be thought the distance between its walls and walls home, which should be not less than 200 mm.In addition, wooden walls necessary to protect by means of securing them incombustible material - most often used for this purpose, asbestos boards.This clearance will also provide free conduct of the audit of the furnace wall, which must necessarily be carried out before the start of each heating season.

If selected for the construction of the place between the two rooms, the opening in the wooden wall is necessary to impose a brickwork, thick and at least 200 mm.In addition, between masonry and wood can be arranged from the same pad asbestos sheet.

Tools for masonry work

Whichever model furnace is chosen for its masonry need the same tools that you need to prepare in advance.

1 - trowel or trowel are necessary to fence capacity masonry mortar and applying it to the bricks, as well as to clean up the laying of the surplus projections mixture between joints.

2 - hammer-pick need for scabbling and splitting the bricks, as have customize some elements of masonry or give them some form during work.

3 - Fancy will be needed in the event that oven will not get off the decorative tiles and brickwork must be perfectly neat.This tool make out the horizontal and vertical joints.

4 - Cord prichalku used to control the evenness of the series, but most of our time at a laying of walls of furnaces master limited building level and plumb.

5 - poryadovkoy - a very useful device that will help keep the verticality of the masonry, as well as to comply with the same thickness of horizontal seams.

6 - plumb and measure the vertical walls, and its convenience is that it is easily and quickly installed in the right place.

7 - Building level is indispensable when working on any masonry, so it should always be at hand, as they checked the evenness of each laid a number when still have the opportunity to promptly make any changes.

8 - rule most often used only once, when leveling the surface of the foundation.

9 - Lopatka and a mixing solution.

10 - nice to have as a measuring bar, which will be measured by the width of the seams.

Materials

for each furnace model purchased its amount of material, depending on its value.Also walls and masonry all its internal departments (according to poryadovkoy) building materials required for the foundation of the device, which must be carried out very reliably , as the Russian stove - it is a massive structure.

not worth saving, buying cheap substandard building materials, if you want to build, and was respectable in the appearance, and effectively work directly for its intended purpose.

The table below shows the necessary materials for the construction of the Russian stove size of 1600 mm wide, 2380 mm long and 1900 ÷ 2000 mm in height, which is often called "the van".

Name of materials and elements	size in mm	Quantity (pieces, kg or m.)
Weathered red brick M-200	250 × 120 × 65	1850 -1860 pcs.
Clay fat	-	250 kg
Sand cleared	-	300 kg
hob with two rings	400 × 700	1
grate	200 × 280	2
grate	250 × 380	1
Furnace door	250 × 210	1
Furnace door	250 × 180	1
cleanout door	130 × 130	2
cleanout door	130 × 200	1
ash-pit door	250 × 150	1
Smoke valve	180× 260	1
flap crucible	380 × 450	1
Hot water tank	280 × 120 × 500	1
Steel Area	5 × 60 × 60	1,5 m
steel strip	5 × 50 - 60	20 - 25 m
steel sheet	5 mm	1

Besides materials for masonry oven, you need to buy everything you need for the devices foundation - rubble, shuttering boards, sand, rebar diameter 8 ÷ 10 mm and cement, the amount of these materials will dependthe depth and width of the foundations.

funda nt to I Russian stove

Since brick Russian stove is sufficiently massive construction, the foundation under it should be durable and reliable .Therefore, it is sure to need a good foundation for which have to dig a corresponding pit.

• The size of the pit must exceed the perimeter of the base of the oven at 120 ÷ 150 mm on each side.The depth of the pit depends on the density and soil stability, but the average its value varies between 500 and 700 mm.
• finished bottom of the pit is filled with sand, which is watered thoroughly tamped, up to stizheniya thickness of the waterproofing layer 150 ÷ ​​200 mm.
• on sand poured gravel or broken bricks, which is also compacted.This layer should be 100 ÷ 150 mm, then it must align small layer of sand, which also shed water and leveled.
• Further, this "pie" is laid two layers of roofing material.Then, on the roofing material is installed formwork made of boards, and concrete solution to cast filled box and flowed into the gaps between the boards, wall formwork cover tightly with plastic wrap .
• solution is made of cement (one of the ), sand (three part ), gravel (five parts ) and water with the help of which the mixture is brought to the desired semisolid consistency.
• prepared in the formwork is filled with coarse concrete solution that are made of gravel and cement.The thickness of the primary layer should be poured 200 ÷ 220 mm.To drenched in Beto not formed air bubbles, pierce it several times with a shovel bayonet, simultaneously tamping solution.
• When solution starts fasten, it is installed vertically reinforcement rods, length 50 ÷ 70 mm above the flooded surface.
• Next, pour the next layer of the solution in the 100 ÷ 150 mm.After his grasp on the surface of the stacked mesh reinforcement, formwork and filled to the brim with a solution, and then flooded with surface leveled rule, but set the horizon (usually it - top edge formwork).
• After complete hardening of concrete and set them with the necessary strength, the surface is covered still one layer of roofing material.

solution for masonry stove

solution for masonry oven should be flexible and thin, but dries not exhibit cracks and well-sealed seams.Prepare the right solution is not easy, so master each furnace Affairs has its secrets in the selection of materials and kneading the mixture.

Today you can buy ready-made mixture of heat-resistant, intended for masonry stoves in specialized stores.However, according to experienced potters, this traditional solution of clay with the addition of sand where the preferred ready-mix, manufactured on the basis of cement.This is true for various reasons, one of which - environmentally friendly solution.

main difficulty of the independent production of a clay solution is the selection of clay, as this material may be overly bold or contrary , lean.For a solution to be used for the construction of the furnace, it is necessary to choose a fat clay - exactly it will make the mixture flexible, which is important for high-quality flat and durable seams.

find the right proportions is difficult enough for a quality solution, and this process will require certain time.

• For this acquired clay should be, primarily , thoroughly cleaned from various debris and foreign inclusions, then dunk on on day in the water.
• Next, its small portions mixed in different proportions with sand.