Installation of air conditioning with their hands

Yet not so long ago, some 20 years ago, the air conditioners were regarded as the lot or the big bosses, or the very wealthy citizens.In fact - these climatic installation were in the "high" offices, luxury hotel rooms or, much less often - in their own housing wealthy.However, now the convenience of a home appliance appreciated by the broadest sections of the population, it has ceased to be available at a price, and now no one is surprised conditioners, standing almost everywhere .

As a rule, companies involved in the implementation of HVAC equipment, in most cases, take over and care of its installation, debugging and commissioning.Of course, this service - not free, and its cost can be substantial even compared to the price of the air conditioner.Therefore, probably, the potential buyers are often concerned about the issue - whether necessarily to resort to using the wizards?Is it possible to mount the air conditioner with your own hands?

unequivocal answer to this question is no.And do air conditioners are different, and technical readiness levels hosts housing can vary significantly.In addition, great importance is the specific location of the premises in which you plan to install such a device - often without specialized equipment, equipment or construction machinery to produce a separate installation impossible.

A to immediately could appreciate the complexity of the task, you need at least little understanding of the principle of conditioning installation work - for through what happens quenching passing through it air ?

Basic Principles work domestic air-conditioner

If we argue from the standpoint of physical laws, in order to in one place certain balanced system was cooled, then on another site this must be compensated by an appropriate heating.How to achieve this?All

known that evaporation of the liquid from the surface of any object is always accompanied by absorption of heat and, accordingly, the rapid cooling of the surface.Suffice it to recall that, for example, wet hand feels much greater coolness than dry.Wet compresses on the forehead of the sick at higher temperatures - it is also one of the practical methods use of this principle.Conversely, vapor condensation takes place in the liquid state to produce heat.Hence, it is necessary to create conditions for a single uniform system of fluid at one site is actively evaporated, and the other - under the influence of some external influence condensed, giving heat.It is so arranged almost all refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners.

Schematic diagram of the operation of any air conditioner are listed on on the following figure:

This unit can be divided into two halves - external and internal .In split-systems this division is "literally» - division to the respective blocks.The monoblock model is not so much visually, since the whole structure is arranged in a single case, but the principle of operation is not changed.

So and external, and the internal part of the conditioning unit has a tubular radiator, however, they perform opposite functions.The outdoor unit he plays the role of the capacitor, and the inner - evaporator.Between themselves, they connected sealed pipelines .In this closed circuit by the compressor is constantly pumped special substance - called refrigerant.

basic requirement for such a refrigerant - is quite high in comparison with the atmospheric gases, boiling temperature, no freezing probability (transition solid aggregate state), high volatility.At the beginning of the production of refrigeration units and air conditioners as such often used ammonia.However, a pair of chemical compounds are very dangerous to the human body, and therefore, over time, it was widely expelled Freon - special synthetic gas (or gas mixture), designed specifically for such purposes.Until recently, the majority of air conditioners most commonly used Freon R-22, but in some countries the use of it is already banned as substances, leading to the destruction of the ozone layer.A more modern, sophisticated and secure is Freon R-410A.Boiling point, ie the active transition from a liquid to a gaseous state at normal atmospheric pressure, have approximately minus 50 C. ° .

However, as we know from the course of thermodynamics, the process of phase transition of a substance from one state to another depends not only and not so much on the temperature, but also on the pressure.Hence, by means of special equipment is required to create conditions for condensing refrigerant active outside, respectively, inside the evaporation space.This is achieved by the compressor and the presence of special throttling device (expansion valve).

If we consider the details of the work cycle, it is as follows:

• At the entrance to the compressor refrigerant is a gaseous state at a relatively low pressure.
• compressor moves the refrigerant through the system at the same time significantly increasing the compression ratio in front of the radiator condenser.Increasing the pressure, of course, accompanied by a significant increase in temperature.The flow of cold outside air supplied to the fan removes heat at the same time activating the process of condensation of the refrigerant - move it to the semi-liquid state.
• Moving through the pipes, freon before entering the evaporator passes through the throttling device - a thermostatic expansion valve.For through particular configuration pass line pressure drops sharply, which causes rapid, almost avalanche boiling refrigerant with its evaporation, the transition to the gaseous state and, accordingly, a sharp drop in temperature.
• indoor fan provides air flow passing through the indoor evaporator radiator. its cooling.From
• evaporator falls again in freon compressor installation thus closed loop.

throttling device design may be different - from a capillary tube to a complex multi-port crane, allowing not only to accurately control the cooling temperature of the refrigerant.Such mechanical gp ch special "redirect" activity blocks, making the evaporator to the condenser and vice versa - it is used in many models of air conditioners switched to "winter" mode - on on heating of premises.

course, modern air-conditioned - a high-tech device with a mass of additional monitoring, management, service functions, but the principle of operation they have - a single.

The main types of household air conditioners

Deal with the installation of air conditioners rules is not possible if, in addition to the principle of work, not to understand the design features of various types of household appliances .

First of all, all the air conditioners can be divided into two broad categories - one-piece (collected in a single package) and split system (with two separate blocks or more).

Monoblock conditioners

conditioner The whole concept is going in the same housing."External" and "internal" performance share units partition, which in many models is adjustable, allowing air to enter the room to the outside and back for ventilation or recuperation.

By way of installation they may also have differences:

• Window air conditioners - the name speaks for itself.The unit is installed in the window opening , so that the main part of the body is outside, and the room remained only control panel and blinds for directing cooled air flow.

Advantages like th scheme are obvious:

- All internal piping is already assembled at the factory, filling freon conducted in the same, that is, the installation of the air conditioner is greatly simplified, and reduced, mainly , to civil or carpentry work.

- These models allow you to work in the forced ventilation of the room mode.

- Tse on to such conditioning is low, and when you consider the lack of need for complicated installation, from the standpoint of efficiency it - best option .

also many drawbacks.

- Enough big candy bar seriously reduces the light intensity of the window, reducing the natural illumination room (often in order to avoid this, one-piece is mounted in a specially Realized opening in the wall).

- By itself, the air conditioner in the winter becomes a "bridge cold" from the street into the building.We need to think of dismantling it at this time, with a sealed insulated embedded opening , or somehow otherwise solve the problem of thermal insulation.

- This air conditioner does not fit well in the glazing system, unless, of course, during the installation of PVC windows its installation has not been thought out in advance.

- Monoblock air conditioning "tied" to one place, and can not always evenly distribute cooled air throughout the volume premises.In addition, it is often hampered window curtains, curtains, blinds, etc .

- Typically, these air-conditioned features a rather high noise level.

• Mobile monobloc air conditioners - mobile (usually - equipped with wheels for easy movement) devices, which are installed as needed in a particular area.Externally. Usually resemble tables with blinds system guides on the housing and control devices.

In one case arranged and condenser and the evaporator.Be sure to have a flexible hose to drain warm air from the condenser outside of the premises.

Advantages of this type of air conditioners:

- Completely eliminates the need for complicated installation - no joints, sealing, filling stations, electrical connections and etc .All on the principle - "plug in and enjoy it," just enough to bring out a flexible hose through the window or hole in the wall or window units.(There are, however, more complex models that have even provided external power. But this kind of, you may even be attributed to split system as assembling such conditioning takes more than one hour, and mobile call them only at very high"stretch").

- It is possible to rearrange the air conditioning of the premises in room , take with you to the cottage, it is a snap to remove End of need for winter storage.

Disadvantages "mobile" scheme:

- Mobility - rather conditional, since the limited length of the corrugated hose to output heated air.Usually this - no more than 1,5 ÷ 2 m from the window.

- Water condensate produced when cooling air is not discharged to the outside, and accumulates in the pan conditioner.Thus, the required regular maintenance - drain accumulated water, otherwise the machine just stops.

- These air-conditioned - quite noisy.

- The cost of such a device - is very high, comparable to the price-quality split system at a disproportionately lower operating performance.

- Like it or not, but like air conditioning clutter the room, especially if it - a small area .

Split systems

Of all the modern air conditioners are now - the most common.Their main feature - the condensing unit and and paired and filled in different buildings and are spaced apart - are installed inside and outside the premises.At the same time all the most noisy air conditioning units (in particular - the compressor unit) ruled on on the street, that is, the overall noise level of the air conditioner - a minimum.

What is the approximate layout of the air-conditioning, full on the basis of a split system ?Of course, from different manufacturers and different models may have their own characteristics, but the overall circuit is approximately the same.

To begin with - the outdoor unit.

Fan (. item 1) on the motor axis is used to create, as necessary, the air flow to remove heat from the radiator - condenser ( poses 2 .)

pumping refrigerant and maintain the desired pressure in the circuit ensures its circulation compressor (pos. 3).This machine can be plug (cheaper and poshumnee) or spiral (more expensive but more reliable , especially in conditions of low air temperatures).

electronics unit (item 4). - Can, by the way, is not located in the outer and in the inner block, where it will be less affected by the external environment.Provides correct operation of all electrical and electronic systems and mechanisms.

Required element - thermostatic expansion valve (item 5)..On this illustration shows an example using the four-way valve , typical of models « winter - summer », working as cooling air and On at Greve.

As a rule , on right end of the bottom of the outdoor unit (pos. 6) arranged couplings, by which the connection is made with the indoor unit.For greater safety, this unit is usually concealed protective cover (pos. 8). usually on the same side, only the top part of the terminal is for electrical switching both units.

in line before entering the compressor is usually mounted Freon special filter that does not allow ingress of the system with the refrigerant fine particles, such as copper chips or other inclusions.

now - the structure and layout of the indoor unit.However, if an external unit is usually a drab, there are several options, depending on the specific type split system.

• example, air conditioners can be wall - the most common in a residential installation.