The foundation for the house of foam blocks with their hands

Penoblok - a material in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped measuring 30 by 40 cm are made of foam concrete blocks, which are mixed with cement, water and sand..Characterized by the material color of gray and the ability not to sink in the water, even with quite a lot of weight.Penoblok some characteristics similar to the aerated concrete, and it is often confused with this material.But concrete blocks for the foundation of the price is much lower than the cost of aerated concrete, because this material is often used in construction.

advantages of using foam blocks

Foam blocks are low cost compared to other similar materials, with the structure of it has the same performance as brick or wood.In addition to this factor, there are other significant benefits:

• When manufacturing foam blocks do not use any harmful impurities, this material is environmentally friendly and does not harm human health and the environment.According to the sanitary norms foam block is suitable even for the construction of a variety of children's institutions.

• walls of foam blocks do not miss the sound and do not require additional sound insulation treatment.
• brick surface of foamed concrete is easy to process, because it create any form of structure.
• porous material structure provides good air exchange between the room and the street.This figure is at the same level as that of the wooden walls.It does not conduct heat, keeping it indoors.
• foundation of foam blocks will not syret through the same porous structure of the material.You do not need to install additional structures to deal with high humidity in the cellar.
• When laying the foam block all work is done quickly and easily, as all the bricks have the small size and the right shape.
• maximum distance between the bricks is 3 mm, therefore styling used not only cement but also a special glue.
• When finishing the buildings does not require laying a large number of stucco, as of the foam block walls have a flat surface.
• This material is highly resistant to heat.

With all the pluses of concrete blocks have one drawback - the strength is not very high, it should be taken into account when calculating the load on the foundation.

Types foundations of foam blocks

to determine exactly with what is needed for the foundation of concrete blocks, you need to explore all possible options, as well as the characteristics of the terrain on which construction is planned.The most common reasons for buildings of this material are divided into 4 types:

• Strip foundation - this structure is constructed or recessed melkozaglublennoy.
• pier foundation - in the design part of reinforced concrete, pillars in the shape of a square or a circle with the raft or beam, which has a reinforcing belt made of rebar.
• pile foundations - used in the construction of screw piles, or hanging, pile-stand with a raft of reinforced concrete.The principal difference between this type of foundation only in the presence of reinforcing elements of the pile.The rest of the structure is being built as a belt or a bar.Piles are ideal for unstable foundations, which need more support.

• monolithic foundation - on the principle of the construction is not different from similar structures of other types of material.The design of the foam blocks has a low weight, and therefore the thickness is less than the basics, but this factor depends on the project at home, his rise and the area.

foundation type selection parameters of foam blocks

When selecting the optimal variant of the foundation for the house of foam blocks with his hands take into account the terrain on which the building is carried out.The foundation must be reliable, since it is the foundation of the house, but the calculation is carried out so as to minimize costs.More all the factors that take into account when choosing the type of foundation, are described below:

1. Features of soil at the construction site.To determine the type of soil is carried out geological research, which is carried out by specially trained people.But this work is carried out easily by yourself.For this drill is one or more wells to a depth of not more than 2.5 m. Of these wells sampled to determine the land of the components.In groups of soil types are divided into:

• nepuchinistye contain gravelly sand with large or middle-sized grains of sand;
• slabopuchinistye contain grains of small size, or sand dust;
• distending, contain impurities of clay, loam and sandy loam.

2. Further, the analysis determines the optimal appropriate type of foundation.For the third group of soil should not choose a strip foundation.The optimal solution would be piles.

3. If at a depth of more than 2 meters of soil are present in the first group, and freezing takes place at a sufficiently great depth, it is advisable to design the construction of pile foundation or columnar.In calculating the poles or piles are arranged so that the distance between them corresponds to the total weight of the structure.The depth of soil freezing is determined on the basis of observations of a few years, on average, the figure is 0.5 to 2 m

4. The next factor -. The groundwater level and its impact on the building.High standing water exclude the construction of strip foundation, this figure is equal to 0.5-1 m. At this height is necessary to supplement the foundation drainage, which will increase the cost of the work.In this case, the best option - solid foundation.However, if you plan to build a house with a basement, the construction of strip foundation and drainage under it inevitable.

5. The last factor - the necessary time frame works and their cost.For rapid construction is optimized pile foundation or columnar, as these jobs require very little time-consuming.The most expensive foundation for the house of foam blocks - monolithic and tape.

construction of strip foundation of foam blocks

Tape ruined base of foam blocks optimally to build on the basis of clay or soil from heaving group type.laying depth is calculated based on the data of soil freezing.The width of the foundation under the foam block is calculated so that it is greater than the wall thickness not less than 100 mm.The height of the cap is not less than 40 cm, the upper part of the valve is reinforced by two rows of 10-16 mm in two layers.

weakly deepened the foundation has a depth of emplacement of not more than 60 cm. This type of foundation is best suited for nepuchinistyh soils with a solid foundation.Strip foundation allows to equip the house with a basement.Algorithm for the construction of the structure is as follows:

1. process begins with the laying of cushions, for the manufacture of which uses sand or a mixture of gravel and sand.Prepare the trench for the foundation of the house, in her sleep sand, tamp, and then laid on top of crushed stone or gravel.The thickness of each layer -. 15-20 cm
2. Then the finished pillow perform grouting 5-10 cm thick This part is called "footing.".The solution is left for 5-7 days, but not to dry completely, but only up to half.
3. When "footing" dry half, reinforce the foundation.Rebars are tied into the belt binding wire.It is not recommended to fasten the rods by welding, since the impact of the place are more prone to corrosion.Valves for the foundation should be selected from products having a corrosion-resistant coating.If necessary, reinforce the foundation with the help of a more complex framework, which is further poured concrete.This measure is necessary at a high severity of future buildings.
4. After performing formwork reinforcement.To do this, apply wood, slate, plywood or metal material.The finished design is poured concrete solution.
5. To prepare concrete solution all components are taken in such a ratio - 3 parts sand to 5 parts gravel to 1 part cement.The ratio of water to cement - 0.5.When working in the cold solution is added a variety of substances that accelerate hardening.
6. Ready concrete is poured into the formwork and compacted.The best option for a good seal - vibrator, which is also not difficult to do by hand.Or seal solution with a mallet, after making a few holes in the concrete for the air outlet.
7. Formwork is removed after complete solidification of the solution, usually it takes about 3 days.Next begin laying the foam blocks to the finished ground.

Some features of the terrain significantly affect the construction of the base under the house.If the terrain is sloped, then poured the foundation ledges start to work on the lowest surface and move on.In this case the step height and length is calculated in the ratio of 1: 2, its height should not exceed 50 cm With the same calculation of a deep foundation becomes shallow..With the construction of the foundation on dry soils increase the thickness of the sand cushion, reducing the size of the masonry.

construction pier foundation of foam blocks

pier foundation under the house of foam blocks fit just perfectly, as this kind of robust designs for buildings with low weight, and the buildings of the foam block is characterized by such features.The basis of the construction is the construction of the pillars on which to build the whole building.Designated pillars calculated so that they are propped each corner intersection of walls and also reinforce pillars all load concentration point - heavy or bearing walls, beams, girders, etc.The calculations also take into account that between the pillars should be no period of more than 2-2.5 meters.

pier foundation construct using a variety of materials, including stone, brick, rubble concrete, wood and others.Depth of the shares on the ruined buildings and melkozagublennye.Structural features shared foundations of the pillars on the solid and collapsible.If during the construction of the foundation is laid on top of him beams, this building with a raft foundation, but it is possible to build without it.The most reliable design leading experts recognize the columnar reinforced concrete foundation for the house.The algorithm of its construction is as follows:

1. In each marked by a pillar location dig a pit.The ready deepening laid a bed of sand, gravel and crushed stone.On top of cushions placed not leaky material to be stuck into the ground by pouring concrete pillars moisture.
2. The pit mounted panels and bursting them to design did not fall inside.This measure is necessary to prevent the shedding of the earth into the pit.These panels are used as formwork when their width corresponds required.
3. Further reinforcement is carried out, the thickness of the rods it requires about 12 mm.The reinforcing material is inserted into a hole vertically at a distance of 5-10 cm from each other.All the bars are fastened by means of binding wire.
4. Before filling the formwork solution securely fastened.To prepare the solution using 1 part cement to 3 parts sand.The solution was slowly poured, in small portions.Every 20-30 cm cement thoroughly tamped.
5. drenched poles left for 10-14 days until completely dry.Next, clean the formwork and floor mounted.Use this to fill or concrete monolithic blocks of concrete.
6. Slab of concrete pouring do in the same way as the columns themselves.Harden is a grid of rebar.

construction of a monolithic foundation of the foam blocks

This foundation under the concrete blocks are optimally suited to heaving soils.It fills the space underneath the house, while the types described above are only separate elements prop.

Less design is the inability to equip the basement.Algorithm for the construction of the structure is as follows:

1. Equip pit required size with a depth not exceeding 60 cm
2. At the bottom of the pit is placed 40 cm thick cushion as in the construction of the tape or the columnar base..The thickness of the sand layer 25 cm, gravel layer is not more than 15 cm. On the top layer of crushed stone cushion put waterproofing material and two layers of reinforcing rebar.Strengthening layer consists of a valve with a diameter of 10-12 mm and a mesh size of 20 to 20 cm.
3. Set shuttering across the area of ​​the monolith.Poured concrete solution.
4. After drying remove the formwork solution, put waterproofing material.