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Wiring

August 12, 2017 18:06

How to conduct an electrician in a private house with his own hands

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wiring in a wooden house should not only perform their functions, but to be safe, so the quality of its performance are increased requirements.You can perform the wiring in a wooden house with his own hands, but it should comply with all rules of installation.

Make wiring in wooden houses with their own hands

Make wiring in

wooden house with their hands work should be divided into several stages:

  • Drafting and calculating the total capacity of the equipment;
  • Selecting cables, electrical equipment, installation of elements for design load;
  • entry into the house and connecting the opening of the circuit breaker, energy meter, installation of the switchboard;
  • Cabling, wiring them point by point;
  • mounting sockets, switches, lighting fixtures;
  • Installation earthing and RCD;
  • testing and verification.

project power

home In order to properly design the wiring must be installed total capacity of electrical equipment.The sequence of works on designing:

  1. Draw a plan of the house and specify the location of lighting fixtures, outlets, equipment with individual connections.
  2. In the drawing, you must specify the maximum power of devices in view of starting currents of electric motors.
  3. Light fixture is connected to a separate power groups, the number of these groups depends on the size of the house and power lighting devices.Typically, for a small house all the lights can be connected to the same group.
  4. should also be lighting yard area, and if the house is used as a summer residence for temporary accommodation, it is more expedient to connect the courtyard lighting at a separate circuit breaker - so it will be possible to disconnect the house at the time of departure, without disconnecting the ambient light.
  5. powerful appliances are connected to a separate group of power supply through a separate circuit breaker.Such devices include electric boilers and water heaters, as well as electric ovens, stoves, heaters - all equipment with high power consumption.For these appliances to be installed in a separate cable.

For each group you must calculate the maximum power consumption, summing all appliances that can be included in the network simultaneously.You also need to calculate the total capacity of the entire load to select the opening of the circuit breaker.

Driving kitchen wiring

wiring diagram kitchen

Selecting cables and equipment

When designing the power to select the cable is carried out complex calculations, but to carry out the wiring in a wooden house with his own hands is enough to use the table.For each group selected power cable section corresponding power consumption.

The table will help to select wires for wiring

table to help select the wire for wiring

For wiring often choose a copper cable of the brand VVGng-LS or NYM.The first is characterized by a low price, and the second - an extra layer of insulation, and greater reliability and convenience while cutting.Aluminium cable can also be used, but at the same time increases its cross section, furthermore, aluminum cable conductor more brittle when excesses, hence, it is less reliable.

to connect the outlets needed a three-wire cable with ground wire - part of the appliance necessarily require a protective earth.For lighting PUE it is also necessary to use the ground, but in practice often neglected this rule.However, if you plan to install the strong lights, such as a spotlight to illuminate the yard, it is strongly recommended that you perform all the wires according to the rules.

wiring in a wooden house can be carried out as a foreign - in the cable channel, as well as hidden in the case interior includes paneling.The internal wiring is required to operate in the pipes or metalolorukave in fire fighting purposes and for protection against accidental damage when drilling, for example.

Choice outlets and switches produced by several parameters:

  • current for which they are approved;
  • By type of installation: flush or external wiring;
  • sockets Blocks selected by the number of seats, and switches - the number keys.Sometimes it is convenient to connect multiple switches into one unit, for example, switches adjacent bathroom and toilet.

input power supply and induction machine

Selection of lead-in cable by the maximum power of the whole house electrical equipment.It is necessary to pay special attention to the reconstruction of electrical wiring.By changing all the cables and increasing the size of the circuit breakers can not forget about the opening cable.Its cross-section may not be sufficient, and under heavy load will fire.Introductory cable change, usually with the assistance of the power supply organization in conjunction with the installation and sealing of the counter.

introductory circuit breaker must reserve Group machines on and off the house from the power supply in the event of a short circuit, but does not operate at the maximum possible load.If the house is powered by three-phase, three-pole circuit breaker installed.For single-phase network - a single-pole or double-pole, which give birth to the phase and zero.

Circuit breaker

breaker

Choice rating and type of circuit breaker for single-phase:

  1. necessary to calculate the total capacity of all the appliances and calculate the maximum current formula INOM = P / U · cosφ.The resulting value INOM - calculated nominal current of the network, it is multiplied by a factor of 1.1 to give a rated current trip the circuit breaker.As a rule, you enter the house set the circuit breakers rated at no more than 25 A.
  2. To select the type of machine you need to know the minimum short-circuit current.For single-phase 220 VAC calculation of short-circuit current can be produced by a simplified formula Isc = 3260 · S / L, where S - the wire cross section in mm2, L -. Cable length, m The calculation is carried out for the most extended group with minimum cross-section of the cable.
  3. Next you need to determine the multiplicity of short-circuit rated current, ie, calculate Isc / INOM.The resulting value determines the characteristics of the circuit breaker.In private homes often use circuit breakers with characteristic C.

Automatic main switch usually set after the counter.You can fit up to the counter, but in this case it is imperative its sealing.

Circuit Breakers groups of power, energy meter, as well as the opening gun and RCD installed in a junction box.The body metal shield necessarily grounded.The equipment is mounted on DIN-rail, and then make a wire installation in accordance with the scheme.

Cabling, installation of sockets and switches

Before routing the cable you need to decide on the route, set the boxes and mark the installation location of sockets, switches and light fixtures.The cable cross-section selected in accordance with the lay-up stacking one of the following methods.

cable laying in metal conduit or perform in the event that planned to complete paneling the interior walls, or wiring will look unaesthetic.Can not be used, since there is the possibility of accidental damage to it, which may cause a fire inside ceilings, which quickly eliminate very difficult to flush plastic corrugated pipes.

cabling technology in the pipe:

  1. prepared cable routes, Stroebe performing.In places cable connections are established open boxes so as to provide free access to them even after cladding.
  2. Penetrations through walls is performed using metal sleeves with caps.Under the sockets and switches installed special metal sleeve.

    The use of metal sleeves with caps will prevent fire due to fault

    use of metal sleeves with caps will prevent the fire because

  3. circuit pipes for the cable route is selected with the proviso that their internal diameter was filled with not more than 40%.For cabling is better to use copper pipes: they are not cheap, but easily bending, cutting and processing sections.The sections should be cleaned and sanded the edges to avoid damaging the cable sheath burrs and sharp edges.Pipes attached to the wall with clamps, a metal sleeve is secured with the help of their flaring copper pipe inside the sleeve.

    Sample wire fastening to the ceiling

    Sample wiring ceiling mounting

  4. cable is pulled through the pipe and immediately checked his veins isolation to the body of the pipe - this will reveal any damage to the insulation on the pipe edge even during cable laying.
  5. Burke cable, while in distribution boxes left margin length of 20 cm - this will later make reassembly if necessary.cable cores in distribution boxes connected to the stranding and insulation cap PPE.

    Isolation wires PPE caps

    Isolation wiring kolpochkami PPE

  6. Burke cables and connect them to the switches, sockets and switches Automatic group.In this respect the color-coded wires.

External cabling is carried out in the cable channel, made of self-extinguishing plastic.The cable channel can be different sizes, and is a box, closed the lid with a latch.The color of the cable channel can be both white and simulates the texture of wood, so it looks quite aesthetically pleasing on the log walls.

Cable channel for routing external wiring

cable channel for routing external wiring

cabling technology in the cable channel:

  1. marks out cable laying track and choose the size of the cable channel corresponding to the number of cables and the cross-section.Take off the cap from the cable channel and secure the box to the wooden surface on the screws in increments of 50 cm.
  2. Install junction boxes in places cable connections.
  3. Sockets and switches with this method of cabling is used only for external wiring.Take off the lid, base socket or switch is fixed to the wall with screws.
  4. Lay cables in the cable channel, close the box lid.Reserve with cable can be laid in the cable channel, if space permits.
  5. Connect the cable ends in junction boxes according to the scheme.Burke cable and connect it to sockets, switches, machines.

    cable channel - a great way that allows you to hide the wiring

    cable channel - a great way that allows you to hide the wiring

Grounding and RCD

Grounding is necessary for the operating conditions of the majority of household appliances, if their body is made of metal.In a private home ground can be performed independently.

for grounding will need three metal pins or corner 3-meter, as well as cutting corners about a meter in length, which is necessary to connect the pins.grounding technology is: dig a trench in the form of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1 meter and a depth of at least 30 cm, three-meter drive in the pins in the corners of the trench in the ground or corners, connect them together short pieces by welding.In one of the corners of the hole is performed, and with the help of bolts and nuts attach the grounding conductor, which is output in a junction box and is connected to the ground bus.This same bus all the attached grounding cable wires - they have a yellow-green insulation.

Grounding in a private house

grounding in a private house

RCD - residual current device - it is necessary to protect people from electric shock in case of leakage current on the metal casing of household appliances or damaged insulation.RCD responds to current mismatch, revealing even the smallest leaks.RCD has two parameters by which it is chosen: the rated current and the leakage current.

RCD rated current is chosen much higher than the current of the circuit breaker in the circuit.Leakage current - depending on the type of premises and equipment to be connected.So, for the bathroom you need RCD leakage current of 10 mA, and for the remaining space enough this value of 30 mA.Wiring RCD shown in Fig.

The circuit breaker device connection

Wiring protective devices

Tests wiring

After mounting cause of electrical specialists, so that they have made all the necessary set of measurements: insulation resistance, resistance grounding conductor and loop "phase-zero" completedprimary testing and verification of the RCD.After the test you will be issued a protocol that will validate the performance of electrical work before the power supply organization - protocol may be needed with the sealing of the meter.

wiring Test

wiring test

for wiring with all the amendments and comments is recommended to stick to the inner wall surface of the electrical panel - it will provide clarity in the event of wiring faults.The scheme must specify how the circuit breaker feeds each group and that is connected to it.

wiring in a wooden house, executed with all the recommendations, it is safe and will last a long time.

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