Electric heaters for energy-efficient homes

What could be better if the hosts in bad weather on the street waiting for the coveted home warm?It is possible to stay warm, dry wet things, relax in a comfortable environment, preparing for the next day.That is why taking care of a safe and effective heating of housing are always on the peak of urgency.However, existing or created in the apartment in a private home heating system sometimes, for various reasons, may be insufficient.

In the midst of the January frost even working at full capacity heating system sometimes can not cope with the creation of a comfortable environment, take some "amplification."Another example - the cold weather was established in September, before the start of the central heating system.Or on the contrary, the natural vagaries associated with not wanting to fully come into its own in the spring.And in the summer, it happens that without a source of heat in the house or in the country is becoming very uncomfortable.Run for one - not the best solution - two days of the heating system.And in all these or other possible cases are reliable assistants for energy-saving home heaters.

These appliances can differ in principle applicable space heating, the size, the installation site, the degree of mobility (portable or fixed mounting), the level of automation and control, and, of course, on affordability.A unites them - the ability to quickly heat the room to a comfortable temperature and keep it within the required period.

main varieties of modern electric heaters

range of modern household electric heaters - a very wide and varied.According to the principle of heat transfer into the room can be divided into several groups.

• First of all, the heaters in which the main mode of heating is the direct heat transfer from the hot surfaces of the device directly into the indoor air.In short, these electric heaters on the principle of operation is almost completely repeat the action of conventional water heating system radiators.

Typical representatives of this group - oil heaters in the different versions.Apart from these, here also may include quartz heating panels and a relatively new hybrid variety of heating appliances - modular batteries that outward appearance is no different from conventional modern radiators.

principle of direct transmission of heat from the heated surfaces of the instrument - not the most optimal, as active heat transfer is limited by the area of ​​contact of the device with the ambient air.To improve the efficiency of heating is necessary to resort to high temperatures the surface contacting air, and the maximum possible increase in its area, due to the complex configurations of heat exchange elements of the device.

• Convection heat distribution throughout the room - another principle of the transfer of energy required for heating.It is implemented in devices that because and received the name - electric convector heater.

heating elements such heaters are hidden inside the body, a special design which helps to create a powerful natural heat of the rising air stream.These flows are moving quickly towards spatially flat, providing a fast and efficient enough to warm it.

• directional hot air flow can create and enforce - this principle is implemented in fan heaters and heat guns.

heated air Their distinguishing feature - is a built-in fan, which will also consume energy when operating the device.

• Very effective is the transfer of heat via thermal infrared radiation.Energy in this case extends over a distance of the electromagnetic waves lie in the infrared range (between the red part of the visible spectrum and microwave radiation) which diverge from the rays of the heating elements in a predetermined direction.

These waves are not aimed directly warm the air in the room - it is for them to "transparent."But, getting to any "non-transparent" barrier to cause heating of the surface on which has thermal energy is transferred by direct heat exchange air.

In execution infrared heaters can be very diverse - from stationary floor or hanging devices, to mobile, portable small size vehicles.This category can be attributed to a special kind of electric heaters - film infrared system.

It is worth noting that in many heating appliances during their work combines multiple energy transfer principles.For example, a powerful oil radiator, in addition to the direct heat exchange, and sends a flow of heat directed infrared radiation and convection causes movement of heated air.The difference is that the particular construction of the device is usually "imprisoned" in the prevalence of a single principle.

Now consider the mentioned types of electric heaters in more detail.

Electric heaters direct heat

Oil heaters

Oil heaters - radiators, perhaps, among the most massive radiators.They combined mobile device and high power - for the heating parameters are quite compete with conventional radiator heating system and sometimes even surpass them.

basic structure of the oil electric heater shown in the diagram:

ribbed metal housing (item 1.) Acts as a heat exchanger for large areas.Usually it is made of steel parts welded connections.The package is sealed and the inside is filled with oil (mineral), which performs the function of the primary coolant.Inside the housing bottom substantially throughout its length, an electric heating element - PETN.

Often sectional body has a special configuration that is designed to form, in addition to direct heating, convection powerful updrafts - it improves the operational efficiency of the device, especially when running in a cold room that you need to quickly warm.

itself metal body, but still filled with thick oil, it turns out quite massive.Either oil cooler provides support legs, or what happens more often, trolley on wheels, rollers (pos. 2), allowing to move a heavy appliance in the desired location easily.

From the device comes with a power cord plug for connection to the network (Pos. 3).Typically, the housing provides a special place or a coil (pos. 4) where the cord can pull up compactly when not in use.

All modern oil radiators are equipped with controls.Even in the simplest configuration is to be switch (sometimes he combines work and mode switching function) with LED device operation (pos. 5), and the thermostat, which you can set the desired upper limit of the heating temperature.

to facilitate the movement of the electric heater on the premises they are usually equipped with special comfortable handles (pos. 7), which exclude the touch of a hand to the heating element, which can lead to burns.

Some models of oil heaters do not have a sectional ribbed body, and in the form of a flat panel.But the principle of operation remains the same.

heater, located in the body, according to heating oil, and then, in turn, and accumulates the heat and gives it to the heat transfer elements of the device.Oil as a heat exchanger chosen by chance.It has a high boiling point, eliminating gassing upon heating.This fluid is much greater than water, heat capacity, that is able to store heat in large volumes.Finally, the oily medium prevents corrosive processes on the metal parts and welds inside the radiator.

energy saving such a device can be called with a certain degree of conditionality - ku him the power consumption is quite high.However, the high heat capacity of the support and presence of thermostatic control contribute to the fact that heating is not constant, but only as needed.Upon reaching the set temperature the unit is turned off, and will be able to give more heat for quite a long time.Some are equipped with oil heaters and even a timer, which allows you to program the heating switch on time - for example, at the time of the planned return home from work.

Advantages of such devices:

• Relatively low price.
• Ultimate ease of use - does not require any installations or installation work - all on a "set and switched on."
• Mobility - the heater can be adjusted as needed.
• Safety at Work - modern devices equipped with several steps of protection, including providing for the emergency shutdown of the heater in the event of a rollover.

Disadvantages :

• high heating inertia.From the launch of the device to achieve on its surface heat exchanger housing the desired temperature can take quite a considerable amount of time - sometimes up to half an hour.When you turn off to cool it too will be long enough.
• cumbersome.Almost all devices of this class have a considerable size and weight.Installation of the heater in the right place, especially in a small room, can interfere with the movement of the room, especially considering the trailing him the power cord.
• Even the most "cute" oil heaters do not always fit into the interior design of the room, standing out from it clashing "spot".
• Need for special precautions.Heavy angular fixture can cause injury.In addition, the surface is heated to very high temperatures, and accidental touching it can end in burns.This is especially important in families where there are children - leave them unattended in a room where there is a similar device - is strictly forbidden.As a way out - the acquisition of the oil cooler, which is equipped with a full-time guard.

casing Still, even these heaters apply for children's rooms - not recommended.Even the presence of the wheels on the device can encourage children to games that can end sadly.

As an example, oil heaters - small "range" models known manufacturer of mid-range "Ballu".

Features	Ballu Classic BOH / CL 05WD	Ballu Classic Black BOH / CL 07BRN	Ballu Modern BOH / MD 09BB	Ballu Classic BOH / CL 11WD
device Wattage	1000	750	2000	2200
power supply, W / Hz	220/50	220/50	220/50	220/50
Approximate heating area, m²	10	22	25	22
capacity steps Number of heating	2	2	3	2
number of sections	5	7	9	11
protection	IP20	IP24	IP20	IP20
Dimensions, mm (length, width, height)	250 × 120 × 550	330 × 120 × 550	400 × 130 × 580	470 × 130 × 580
Weight kg	5.5	6	7.8	9.2
average price, RUR	1800	3050	3650	3950

As already mentioned, the use of such heaters have no difficulty.However, it should take into account some special features:

• When you first start gurgling sounds are possible - it is not a disadvantage, and extraneous noise soon to pass, when all the air is completely released from the heated oil.In further operation of such displays will not.
• Also, when you first turn it is possible odor.This, too, is temporary - should leave the heater for a few hours in operation, providing good ventilation of the room.
• necessary to use only standard instrumentation cord - use extension cords is not recommended.
• Do not install the heater directly below the point of its connection (socket).
• Do not use the heater in a very small area on the premises, at least 4 square meters.
• staffing position of the oil heater - only vertical.Include it in the other position is prohibited.
• categorically ruled out the use of heaters for drying clothes or clothes with hanging on the heating sections.

Modular electric radiators

These heating electrical appliances are virtually indistinguishable in appearance from modern aluminum or bimetal radiators of classical heating systems.Moreover, they are, in principle, a system in miniature.

word such heaters combine the function of heating the coolant and further heat transfer by type of conventional radiators.

Inside sectioned hull mounted heater - heater the desired power.Heating control and installation of the necessary modes of operation is carried out with the help of microprocessor unit (pos. 1), which is equipped with a digital display and user-friendly and intuitive touch panel for making adjustments and presets (Pos. 3).

number of sections (. Item 2) can be different - it is defined by the customer, depending on the area of ​​heated premises and the main purpose of the device.