How to choose a pump station

One of the major problems facing any owner of property, is to supply their possessions water for food, hygiene and household needs.Great success is always considered to be an autonomous source having the desired performance (debit) and featuring the necessary water quality.It remains to organize the necessary volumes rise, if necessary - specific water treatment (filtering and advanced treatment), and then - the distribution of water consumption points with ensuring the appropriate pressure for the correct operation of plumbing fixtures and appliances.

approach to solving this issue a lot - it is possible to select the desired set of modern pumping equipment, storage tanks, automatic control devices.But consider yourself compatibility of the instruments to ensure their desired interaction, consistency in work, calculate and mount a unified system that will meet all requirements - the problem of a very high level of complexity.That's why, if you enable the specific characteristics of the source and location of homes, many owners prefer to buy ready-made solution at once - a pumping station.

This publication will address a number of issues, one way or another related to the main problem in the headline - how to choose a pump station.Incidentally, the contents of the article, for sure, it will be interesting useful to read and some apartment owners - those who for some reason the pressure in the water pipes is not sufficient or is not stable - a pumping station capable of, and in such circumstances come to the rescue by providing the required system pressurerequired for household appliances - instantaneous water heaters, washing machines, dishwashers, showers, etc.

What is the pumping station

So, as mentioned above, the full range of tasks includes providing water extraction from the source to the rightvolumes, transporting it to the water consumption places with proper pressure maintenance.Get acquainted with a variety of pumping equipment for external sources, with its design, principles of operation, installation regulations, laying roads, insulation, etc., can be on the pages of our site, so come back to this theme does not make sense.

How to ensure your own home water?

the problem of creating an autonomous system of a country house on the water supply Portal paid a lot of attention.So, discussed in detail issues digging wells and equipment , drilling .Special publications will help determine the choice pump wells or pump for watering the garden .

solve the issue of water supply directly from the draw-off points can be several ways:

• pump is activated directly when necessary water supply, ie directly - from the source to the consumer.This scheme - one of the easiest in the organization, but also the most imperfect.It completely depends on the parameters of the pumping equipment, and most importantly - the availability of power at the time of the water intake.

In addition, the automation of such a system, ie the installation of the flow sensor, the pump Bude run for any opening of any kind was the tap - no matter whether you want to take a shower, put the washing, rinse the bowl or even just dial a glass of water.Agree that at such frequent switching on and off any pumping equipment is unlikely to last for long.

This approach can be fully justified for example, watering the garden or for a very small water country house, where the owners come only from time to time.

• pump pumps the water into the storage tank at the top of the house.Thus, there is always a certain margin, reducing dependence on the stability of the home side power supply.

This system is easier to be automated - you can set the float switch, which will manage the starting and stopping of the pump when the tank desired water level and as it is consumed.

However, here seen serious deficiencies.Firstly, for the installation of the storage tank is necessary to provide sufficient space in the upper part of the house.If it falls into the attic (and most often the case), you will have to do more and high-quality thermal insulation capacity.Secondly, such a drive usually has a very impressive size.

And thirdly, normal gravitational pressure of the water from the tank may not be sufficient for normal operation of home appliances.This means that still need to install a pump - for increasing the pressure, as shown in the above scheme.Agree that the installation of two pumps are not very convenient and not always, increases the overall complexity and vulnerability of the whole system.

• Finally, the third approach - the pump, surface or submersible (deep) pumps the water into the accumulator membrane (item 1.).

Besides that creates the required supply of water - it also is at the correct pressure, so as to ensure the functioning of all available in the house plumbing and appliances.The system is controlled by a pressure switch (in this figure - item 2.) - it is intended to stop the pump at a time when storage tank upper limit of the operating pressure is reached.As the consumption of the water pressure decreases, and when it falls to the lower threshold (which is still slightly higher than the value of the pressure required for the correct operation of household appliances), the pump is turned on again to make up for the consumed reserves.Thus, pressure is constantly maintained at the desired operating range in membrane tank.

Obviously, this scheme is the most convenient to use, optimal from the point of view of efficiency of electricity consumption and resource pledged pumping equipment.Such a system can be assembled from individual components - pump, gidroakkumulyatornogo tank, automatic block with pressure switch.But very often it makes sense to prefer a ready technological solution - a special unit, which are arranged all the necessary elements of the system.It is this kind of equipment is called pumping stations.

approximate scheme of the pumping station is shown in the figure below:

Structurally pumping station consists of the following elements:

water intake from a well or borehole provides a surface pump (. Item 1) of this or thattype - the varieties will be mentioned below.For water supply laid intake hose (tube) (Pos. 2), at the end of which is required to set the strainer (Pos. 3), do not expose suspended solids unacceptable size, and a check valve (pos. 4) to prevent runoff water down underpump off position.

escaping under pressure from the pump the water passes through another check valve (pos. 5) and the hub (pos. 6).With this "crosspiece" associated membrane accumulation tank (pos. 7), the flexible hoses (pos. 8) to the barometric switch (pos. 9).The relay monitors the pressure in the system, ensuring the timely operation to transfer power from 220 V (pos. 10) to the pump unit.By tube (. Pos 11) is the water supply with the necessary pressure to the point of consumption: faucets in the kitchen, the bathroom, the sink ( "a" and "b"), showers ( "in"), the toilet tank toilet ( "Mr."), a washing machine and dishwasher (" d "and" e "), household tap - for irrigation, of cleaning, car washing, etc.( "G").

Design Features pumping stations

The layout of the individual elements may vary from vendor to vendor, and depending on the model series.For example, barometric switch (pressure switch) may not have a flexible liner and just be "planted" on the tube or on the membrane tank.Nevertheless, the concept of this is not significantly changed.

There are quite significant differences and type of pump.

• Very often using conventional surface-type self-priming pumps.It - reliable and easy-to-install units that do not require complex assembly operations.They are characterized by a fairly high level of productivity are able to create a good head, undemanding to clean water and airing.The disadvantage - low height of lifting water from a well - usually within six meters, in combination with a rather high noise level.So it is better for them to provide a separate room.

• Some self-priming pumps are equipped with built-in ejector - a special device that allows to significantly increase the intake of water from the depth of the well or wells.10 - 15 m ,.However, for that you have to "pay" even more noise and some decrease in overall efficiency - the energy spent on water recirculation loop ejector.
• If the water depth at the location of the source is significant, the only alternative becomes the use of the pumping station with external ejector.

looped water movement, dramatically increasing the suction characteristics of the pump, is organized through on the intake and the additional arm, lowered into the water and connected to the ejector nozzle.

This connection allows to lift water from considerable depths (up to 40 - 45 meters) and transmit it over long distances through pipes from a remote source.The external arrangement of the ejector unit reduces the noise of the pumping station.There are, of course, and the lack - such equipment is characterized by high energy consumption due to reduced efficiency.

• for shallow sources, up to 8 - 10 m, pumping stations are ideally suited to multi-unit type.The level of noise created quite low, so they do not become a source of irritation even when installed in a residential part of the house or in the kitchen.At the same time, and the pressure and pump capacity reach very high values.However, the complexity of the design predetermines a much higher price than conventional self-priming plants.

Multistage pumps at once can be distinguished by the size of the working chamber - it has a markedly elongated cylindrical shape, since it has several impellers.

• Another possible kind of pumps installed at pumping stations of - eddy.The special design of the working chamber and the shape of the wheel creates a turbulent flow of water is characterized by high pressure, however, by reducing the performance of the instrument (in comparison with other types).The depth of sampling is small - usually within 6 ÷ 7 meters.

Such pumping habitats are useful for small houses with shallow source located - here they will show "full glory" its efficiency and quiet operation.Another extension of the scope of their use - that as a pump to increase the pressure in intrahouse water system if the need arises (for example, a weak pressure from the central water mains).

The following figure shows a typical layout of a pumping station in the water system of a private house.

Place the pumping station can be in the back room of an apartment house, in a dedicated room, for example, in the basement or a basement.For permanent installation it is important to pay attention to the laying of the pipeline from the well to the house (shown by the orange arrow) at a depth below the freezing of the soil and its high-quality thermal insulation.

Subtleties laying water pipeline from the well to the house

Not properly install pumping equipment - is extremely important to correctly lay water mains from the water source to the apartment house.These issues are also reflected in the pages of our portal.A special article is devoted laying water pipes from the well to the building.For those visitors who live in cold regions, can be a useful information about heating waterpipe .

Note the number of letter symbols of the arrow shown in the diagram.This is the value that will be needed in the future to determine the required parameters of the pumping station - the depth of the water intake, the height of the pressure produced by it, the system performance.

Choice pumping station

With some pump station selection parameters the reader is already acquainted above.In particular, they talked about the type of pump and related factors - noise, economy.And now look at a few basic performance, which is required to take into account when buying a pump equipment.

maximum depth of water intake

Selection of pumping stations for this parameter should be based on the actual characteristics of the water source and its distance from the installation of the equipment.

underlying is the distance along the height of the water table in the well to the pump axis (shown in the diagram with red arrows and the letter G).For a point of reference accepted to take the dynamic level of the well, that is, at constant average water intake for at least 24 ÷ 48 hours.The static level, which reaches the water from the well if during the last one or two days there were no selection, can give a significant error in the calculations.

values ​​of dynamic and static power level everyone should know the owner.They are determined empirically by conducting measurement for a sufficiently long period.From these figures, by the way, and the debit of the well depends a lot (well), it also becomes one of the determining criteria in the selection of pumping equipment.

If the water source is located in the immediate vicinity, only a few meters from the pumping station, then this value G may be enough.