How to make fire with their hands from a brick - materials , design, masonry and finishing

construction of fire - not an easy task, and it is generally trusted by professional Pecnik.However, any handyman familiar with brickwork (example on the stove), fully able to make their own fireplace for garden or home.If we follow the technology, you get it nice, not smoky, well heated room.You should start with the most simple, direct model of the fireplace.

Article Contents:

• project and materials.
• preparatory work.
• masonry.
• Decorating of fireplace.

Design and Materials

first necessary to determine the location of the fire place.Usually it is at the outer wall of the room or in the corner between the outer and inner walls, as the rear of the fireplace becomes very hot.It is not necessary to build a fireplace right in front of the window or door, as in this case, provided drafts.

size of the fireplace and its proportions are dependent on the room in which it is located.So, for a room volume of 40-80 cubic meters.fireplace fire box opening should be equal to 1 / 50th, or 1/70, or about 0.2-0.4 m.The linear size is about 36 * 45 - 52 * 77 cm

From the depth of the hole depends on the flue and chimney height, the ratio should be 1: 2 or 2: 3..Deeper furnace results in low heat emission, and less deep - to smoke blanketing the room.For the area of ​​the fireplace with the flue opening of 0.2 m.it will be 18-24 cm for 0.4 m.-. 26-35 cm

With the furnace area and associated flue size.It should be 8-15 times smaller than it, on average - 10 times, that is 0.02 and 0.04 m.respectively.This area is provided by the size of, for example, 14 * 14 or 14 * 27 cm for round pipe diameter of 8-14 cm. The length of the chimney from 4 to 5 meters.

inner side wall of the furnace chimney at an angle, turning them out.The back wall is tilted forward about one third of the height.On top of the firebox has a smoke chamber.Between them is the so-called "pass" - a projection from a cornice, which prevents the penetration of sparks and soot in a chimney and smoke - into the room.

Another important parameter, which determines the size of the fireplace - the parameters of brick.. Its standard size - 6.5 * 12 * 25 cm Given the seam in 3-5 mm thick, you can choose the following sizes for fireplaces:

• for the room 10 square meters.- Height of 5 rows (38.5 cm), width 2 bricks (53 cm), depth 1, brick, pipe 14 * 14 cm,
• for the room 15 square meters.- Height of 6 rows (46 cm), width of 2.5 bricks (66 cm), depth 1,5 brick, pipe 14 * 27 cm,
• to 20 sq m rooms.- The height of the 7-series (53.5 cm), width of 3 bricks (79 cm), the depth of 1.5-1.75 brick pipe 14 * 27 cm

avoid.errors in the masonry fireplace on the paper in the box perform "poryadovkoy" - drawing with the exact location of bricks with observance of proportions.Draw starts with fireplace cap by placing bricks or flat edge.The lower part of the furnace consists of 2-3 rows of brick.Having an accurate layout, you can calculate the required amount of bricks bearing halves and quarters for the whole bricks, it is necessary to add 5% of the amount for the fight and marriage.

use furnace brick, which is also called for fireclay chimney masonry.It can withstand repeated heating to 1000 degrees, it is not subject to deformation and retains heat well.A solution is prepared from the purified waste from sand fraction 0,2-1.5 mm, it is necessary to wash the dust in water.Also used furnace or blue clay, Cambrian, M300-400 brand of cement, crushed stone fraction 2-4 cm, more cooking process solution I described here.In addition to this required a metal damper and 20 rods of 8-10 mm in diameter and 70 cm long for reinforcement.

Preparations

In the first phase the foundation is poured fireplace.It should not be connected with the foundation of the house, and a little distant from the walls.The area of ​​the basement should be slightly larger than the area of ​​the cap fireplace, with a margin of 4-6 cm on all sides.The distance of 5-10 cm between the foundation of the house and the fireplace is filled with sand.

for the foundation pit dug 10-15 cm greater than its estimated size, its depth -. 60 cm pour a layer of rubble 10-15 cm thick at its bottom, leveled and compacted.Next on the perimeter of the pit formwork is mounted, protruding over the pit is 10-15 cm, is lined for waterproofing roofing material, it is poured concrete with cement to sand ratio of 1: 3.Concrete is poured slowly, vibrate well, the surface is leveled and smoothed.Top flooded basement is tightened with plastic wrap and left to dry for a week.The upper edge of the foundation must be placed at 6-7 cm below the level of the future of flooring.

Masonry

When the foundation is completely dry, it is placed in 2 layers of roofing material.A few days before the main works are soaked clay and prepared solution for masonry according to the rules .For laying the first row is better to add a small amount of cement in a solution of 10-30% by weight of the solution.

advance calibrated bricks, selecting for each row of the closest size.A few minutes prior to laying bricks is immersed in water that upon drying they are not pulled out of solution moisture.The first row often placed squarely, and then check the level and square its form.It is necessary to check the verticality of the corners of each row using a spirit level or plumb, its horizontality.To test the equality of the diagonals using tape measure or twine.Joint thickness should be 3-5 mm.Masonry fireplace - painstaking work, as its quality high demands.

first three rows - the basis fireplace, 4 and 5 - the ash pan, 6 and 7 - the bottom of the fireplace and a salary.Next on the number 13 inclusive form wall fireplace, 14-19 - smoke box, 20-25 - the chimney.The whole process of the masonry fireplace can be viewed on video.

When masonry plinth and continuous rows of the fireplace using a trowel or trowel.The firebox and the chimney is best spread by hand to further probe the solution and monitor its quality.The solution is applied to the middle of the brick, the edges remain free.All rows are laid out according to the scheme, for convenience, they can be numbered.Particular attention is paid to the masonry firebox and smoke ducts, so it should be sealed and smooth, because it can not be plastering.Excess solution was immediately removed and the brickwork finished wipe.

Beautiful curved arch fireplace bricks form a gradual overlap of 5-6 cm in each row.For curved bridges using temporary formwork - cradling, which is fixed under the supports future vault.Laying begins with bricks located at the center, and continues symmetrically in both directions.

When masonry chimney periodically check its verticality, since the deviation can result in room smoke blanketing.Chimney as base, is placed with a mixture of clay and cement.Pipe fireplace must be isolated in order to fire.For this purpose, at the point where it passes through the roof, and a barrier mounted overlap.

Decorating of fireplace

Flaws masonry can be masked, stoned fireplace exterior natural stone, plastered or painted.If the work is done well, you can simply "embroider" empty seams and clean the surface of the excess solution.

clay, used for masonry fireplace, allows several times to disassemble the series, ensuring the best quality.Slowness and control at every stage of the construction will help you to make the first real center of the fireplace and home owners subject of pride.