Three phases of work on the wiring harness in the apartment - from the plan prior to installing sockets

work of replacing electrical - an inevitable part of any large-scale renovation or construction.To conduct their own without the knowledge and experience - a big risk, as very large in the case of an error risk of damage to electrical or fire.Electrical wiring are best left to a professional with the tolerance level not lower than the 4th, whose expertise is certified license.Explore the planning and progress of the work on laying will not be superfluous, so it was easier to understand and master control process.

Step 1: Diagrams and plans

First of all, you need to make a detailed plan diagram of the location of sockets, switches, lamps, shield and transmission wires in the apartment.Do not neglect the planning stage, as qualitatively perform wiring without a plan is almost impossible.At the design stage it is already necessary to know exactly where the large and powerful appliances (boilers, instantaneous water heaters, floor heating, washing machine, oven and hob) will be located, how much and in what places will be established outlets, which will be illuminated, so that no furtherexperiencing discomfort.The easiest way to do electrical circuit on the final terms of the apartment, which already complied with all the proportions and marked the main walls.

There are two types of wiring in the apartment - pokomnatnaya and consumers of electricity.When pokomnatnoy wiring line is put into the room and away from all electrical appliances are supplied to it.This option is cheaper and simpler in execution than the wiring for consumers when one line connecting certain groups of equipment: sockets, switches, large home appliances.The layout allows consumers more effectively distribute the load and prevent congestion line.For example, it can be used to disconnect all sockets in the room and connected through a separate line the oven during operation will not cause voltage drop for other appliances.

Group the consumer usually combining several similar devices, such as sockets.For large household appliances (oven, refrigerator, washing machine) distinguish individual lines with a cable with a cross section copper conductors not less than 4 mm square.Each group is connected to your machine with the corresponding nominal value, such as for a group of lighting he rarely needed more than 10 amps.The number of groups and machines in the control panel depends on the size of the apartment and the number of household appliances and lighting, sockets.

project how much detail as possible should be taken into account details such as the exact location of switches and sockets, including the height of installation, lighting, space junction boxes, panel.Also, it is marked paths cables, their connection point and wire type, its power.Paving the way for a cable, you need to try to bypass the main walls and load-bearing structures.It is better to make a copy of such a plan, it is useful if you need to be drilled in the future without the risk of the wall to get into the cable.

Step 2: Wiring

In the next step, according to the plan, is applied to the wall layout, mark the places of junction boxes, sockets and switches, and then extend electrical cables.The apartment wiring can be arranged in the traditional way - in the walls or in boxes laid on him.A newer method is laying wires across the floor in boxes, filled screed.With such an arrangement reduces the risk of damage to the wiring by drilling a hole in the wall, but, on the other hand, change it will be further complicated.Part of the wire can be held above a suspended ceiling, in this case, they also need to be collected in the corrugated tube, which is fixed to the soffit.All work for connecting to networks inside apartment obschedomovyh should be performed by experienced professionals.

If you select the location of the walls, it is necessary to prepare the channels for wiring.Shtroblenie - the most dirty and noisy part of the work, moreover, is not cheap.If you wish to save on their own or take part in the electrical wiring in the apartment, you can take it on, armed with hammer, hammer or grinder with stone disk, as described here.

To cut the holes for the box you will need a special cap with a crown, it is done cylindrical hole so deep that the box is completely buried in it.Grooves K carton supplied in itself is done for the wire hole, and then it is fixed on the cast in the hole.Lay the channels must be strictly in accordance with the plan, making sure that they did not deviate from a straight line and were absolutely horizontally or vertically.Also hollowed out recess under the box for sockets and wiring.

Hollowed channels are cleaned from dust and primed to subsequent solution and the plaster is better grasped.They are fixed on the brackets wires that after all connections and fittings to the outlets and switches, smeared with a solution.

As a lead-in cable into the apartment used copper wire 4-6 mm in cross section sq., But not less than 2.5 mm square.Inside apartment a junction box near the entrance.For wiring from room to room using a cable with copper conductor cross-section 2.5 -. 4 mm square, it is important not to underestimate the wire section, as with time constant overheating will lead to melting of the insulation, the output of equipment failure and fire.From the junction box outlets fed wire cross section of 1.5 sq mm, and for lighting -. 1-1.5 mm square.

If you plan to complete cladding with plasterboard or gypsum fiber board, the wires can be hidden in the corrugation and put under the finish.All connections must be made in the distribution boxes, in boxes must also be installed sockets and switches.

Step 3: installation of sockets, switches and other equipment

After the final wiring connections and filling the channels with a solution, you can grout the wall and attempting to install sockets and switches.Sockets optimally mounted units, from 2 to 5 pieces, using a universal box.Prior to this, do not forget to turn off the corresponding machine.

important point

three-phase wiring is gradually becoming a standard as any modern appliances requires ground and throw the wire on the battery, or water pipes - is unacceptable.