The principle of solar panels for heating private houses

The most expensive item in the operation of your own home - heating costs.Is it possible to reduce them?Yes, if you make maximum use of the free energy of the natural sources.Even in central Russia with one square meter per year can get up to 1300 kW ∙ h of solar energy, which can be used for virtually any business needs.

Principle and advantages

Solar panels are a generator of electric energy based on photovoltaic reactions.Their efficiency is quite low - from 15 to 30%, and one power module is 50-300 watts.Modern battery efficiently produce energy even at moderate cloudiness.Several solar cells are connected in a chain to secure the necessary amount of electricity at home.It serves as a system of solar panels for more than 25 years, and the cost of its construction has already recouped within 3-4 years.

The most common solar panels installed on the roof of the house, so do not spent additional useful area inside the house.Total heating surface area of ​​the solar panels for the home area of ​​100-120 square meters.m in the central zone is about 30 square meters.m. However, it is still necessary to provide for an isolated place in the house where it is determined the electrical distribution equipment and batteries, electricity from which will be used at night and in cloudy weather.

heating system using sunlight energy, more often electric, although variants are possible and the water heating system connected to the electric boiler.The electrical system is preferred, since the use of solar energy more efficiently at low heat large areas, such as floor heating.

Also, it is more flexible to configure, and change the temperature depending on the weather in the street or on the number of people in the room - it is easier.Installation of electric heating easier and faster, an additional advantage - the absence of bulky radiators under windows and pipes.

Disadvantages and Solutions

ordinary house heating spends about 74% of the total energy consumed, while enegoeffektivny - 45-55%.This is achieved by a thorough insulation and elimination of heat leakage places.It does not get to save money on solar heating, if the walls are not insulated, and the windows and doors - gap.Before installing the heating solar panels need to insulate the walls, roof, floor, take care of seal windows.

In most regions of Russia with total annual days of sunshine a sufficient number of them distributed very unevenly.In winter, snow and cloudy periods can last for weeks, not to mention the fact that daylight is significantly reduced.For security, you must have a backup heating system in a boiler or the ability to switch the heating system to receive power from a centralized power.However, the use of solar panels for heating in autumn and spring is fully justified and can reduce overall heating costs.

Most homeowners from installing solar panels hold their high cost.During system power 20-25 kW, with which you can heat the house medium size, have to pay more than 800 thousand. Rubles.Such a system will pay for itself with the current electricity tariffs for 3 years, and if the house is further in the colder months have to be heated with natural gas, the payback period increases.

system project on the installation of solar panels is better to think more on the home design stage, as arranged, they should be on the south slope of the roof, the optimum angle of inclination - from 30 to 45 degrees depending on the region.Specially designed for the use of solar energy homes are asymmetrical or pent roof, where you can locate a large number of solar cells.If the orientation of the house and the form of the roof does not allow you to effectively fix the solar panels, it can be mounted on the roof or walls of a special frame to their fixing.Solar cells can also be placed on stands out.

Apart from the solar modules and designs for their fixture for connection to the heating system needed

• PTO battery,
• controller for solar,
• transducer,
• batteries and controller, with which tracked the remainingthey charge, automatically switches to the centralized power grid in the fall,
• converter electric current charge level below the critical limit from DC to AC,
• set of wires.

Optimally, if the electric heating system at home, powered by solar energy, will be equipped with a thermostat and temperature control in each room.Detailed design and cost estimate is best done in conjunction with an experienced electrician.It is worth to entrust the work to connect the solar panels to avoid damage to them, and also all the wiring in the house.

Deciding on the installation of the heating system, running on solar cells need to start from the availability of other energy sources in the village and their cost.