Laying bricks : Types of masonry technology instruction .

Building material "brick" has been known since ancient times.Details of dried bricks of clay materials are in Chinese and Roman sources.Natural, natural stone, even though he was available, require more pretreatment.Positive developments in the construction industry with a change in the methods of clay processing, are obvious.Brick began to apply not only for construction but also for the cladding of buildings of stone, cinder block, wood and other materials.

Facing bricks: background

Facing brick is different from the usual.Smooth, smooth and neat surface, which has high decorative properties, ensures that two tasks: create the wall and decorate it.Aesthetic designs of brick for lining does not preclude the reliable protection of buildings from precipitation.Industry today gives builders of all opportunities for realization of any projects using decorative bricks.

The first stone used for cladding, as now, not only created the structure of the form, but also decorate the surface.There is a legend that the inhabitants of ancient Babylon, burning bricks glazed blue and they used to finish the tower of Babel.Legend explains and there was then a long break in the use of brick: firing technology has been lost, and dried bricks were not strong enough and decorative.

Russia met with a brick late, because the building was mostly wooden.Bricks have been producing large quantities only from the time of Peter I.

Types and properties of bricks

Colors of building material depends only on the technological processes the factory that produces them.The same applies to invoices facing bricks and shapes.Decoration of facades, wall decoration, caps, device park and garden fencing, erection of columns and pillars, balcony bay windows, construction of porches, seasonal cuisine and arches - all these applications of bricks.Two sides of the stone facade or personal, are made of decorative, it was convenient to use it.

brick dimensions, standards of its parameters, set construction documentation.Unified characteristics make it easy to combine different types of materials that do not fall into the dimensional characteristics without risk.

facade bricks are divided into types, depending on their functionality:

• void (improves thermal properties overlap);
• corpulent.

Hollow versions weigh less and reduce the total burden on the basis of design.

subdivided brick and, based on the production features:

• glazed;
• ceramic;
• clinker;
• giperpresovanny.

main property "lining" - high aesthetics.But faces may look different.Be smooth or rough, simulating stone or plastic, etc.Ceramic face brick are subjected to special staining volume is applied to the outer surface of the colored compositions (a process called engobing), glazed stone of the brilliant compositions.When you need to create a mosaic pattern or panels, can not do without glazed bricks.Well look it as facing furnaces and fireplaces.

there and facing composite materials, combining at the same time and texture of color, they are often required on private construction sites, used in internal and external decoration of buildings.Sometimes, classifying liner, isolated in a separate category Ceramic handmade bricks.Despite the roughness and nonideal shape, the construction materials market demand.Hand-maid bricks are used in restoration works, exclusive projects, the design and the historical building.In mass production of such a brick, of course, no.

Clinker brick similar to the ordinary, but because it is made with the use of specific technologies and specific types of clay, has good wear resistance and strength characteristics.Use of such a material may be where the load is particularly intense.Facing the cap, finishing doorways, paving courtyards, paths masonry, framing the windows - just the areas.brick structure density, minimum absorbent characteristics, high thermal conductivity, allow to use them in internal and external decoration.

under high pressure made hyperpressed brick.That is, it does not use the firing, the mass of a compacted.Differs and composition giperpressovki: no sand and clay, and a crushed limestone, cement and pigment mixture as a binder.This brick has a picturesque jagged stone chip that can be used in design projects, because he looks like a natural stone, but can be easily treated, while maintaining its properties.Construction requirements for wear and frost resistance, ideal geometry, in this case, also met.However, there are also disadvantages: a relatively small surface of the thermal efficiency.But this difficulty is easily removed with the help of bookmarks insulation.

Why are facing is not listed ordinary silicate bricks?The answer is simple: the material is no longer relevant for use as a liner.Of course, it is cheap and is quite suitable for plates and similar works, but the surface aesthetics doubt.Of course, after the war, when the account was every penny, and on the appearance of the buildings of the builders wondered a little, this brick used throughout.But modern construction considers the use of silica brick unacceptable.

there are major driving dimensions of bricks:

* Single - 250h120h65;

* Bastard - 250h120h88;

* double size - 250h120h138.

specific dimensions should be checked with the manufacturer when purchasing party.Table weight and bulk material parameters may be slightly different, because all

factories use their own standards and in production technologies.This is especially true copies by hand.

process with facing bricks: masonry with their hands

Compared with other technologies trim the outer part of the buildings face brick - the most time-consuming for the work material.However, its durability, expressiveness and reliability, are paying these expenses.Independently lay face brick hard.

Facing suggests greater precision than conventional brick construction.Accuracy, clarity and accuracy are extremely important in this work, because the task of facing material - not only to create the surface, but also to decorate it.Well, if you have a partner who will be able to engage in jointing, to monitor the purity of luggage and to submit the necessary materials handler.

Video - laying process oblitsovachnogo brick

first action - the horizontal alignment of the cap using a level.Then plan and the amount of material separation.All rows of bricks spread dry first, to exclude unusual, fractured, faulty building blocks, to see how the stones stand in the field of door and window openings in the corners.At this point, planned and dressings.

Cuts material using the grinder (using stone disc).Do not use the range on metal and shear off the excess part of the brick with a hammer or an ax.For a bunch of bricks suitable cement mix: water + sand + cement and sand fraction should be fine, or it needs to sift through.To tint the cement lining under the color dyes or pour it in Kohler.You can not just plant a lot of cement, as the mixture dries quickly, losing its properties.It is better to make a few batches alternately.

solution to the facade lining is applied using a special pattern, to avoid contamination of decorated tiles edge template allows you not to bring the solution to a centimeter of the edge - and a half.It is better to take less of a solution to get a narrow securing layer, this will help avoid the dirt in.It is important to dilute the mixture so that it seemed harsh, then a brick or tile will not "float" during installation.The solution was made in the 1 to 4: clayey sand fines are mixed using a cement mixer and a liquid.

Also the very first line of bricks at the base, the rest of the series spread only after a corner house.That is, the beginning of the stack - this corner joints (original height - 5-6 rows).Then the thread is pulled between the corners on each side, to fit the bricks in the level.

If the outer part of the wall is stained, wipe worth \ wash it immediately, because after drying will make it much more difficult.Several rows lined?It's time to clean the front side with a wet cloth.

The finished laying embroider, erasing seams and using a special tool.Excess solution is removed.If the seam is ready, it must extend beyond the surface of a maximum of a couple of millimeters.The width of the vertical joints do no more than 10mm, and its thickness should not exceed 12mm.There is a rule that will help to create proper ventilation surface: every fourth vertical seam in the bottom row

left blank.Embroidered with surface should be right at the time of the major works, since otherwise have to re-build the forest.

Persistence and reliable design ensures brick dressings: chain and single-row ligation - the most simple.Masonry grid is selected depending on how much space is left on the liner.Usually, during the work on the facade, carried out after the main construction, base must go beyond the wall at least 12 cm. Otherwise it will provide high-quality facing bricks fence.If you stop there, too base needs to be expanded.

Window slopes, doorways, lay poking, putting the column in 1 brick.Sometimes used the stones of other colors to highlight doors and windows.

Construction tools required for laying bricks:

1. concrete mixer (concrete mixer);
2. trowel (trowel);
3. buckets;
4. forests;
5. plummet, thread;
6. hammer;
7. tool for jointing.

Binding exterior trim to

main wall Without proper binding finishing layer to the wall, it is possible the rapid destruction of the structure, the displacement of its elements, crack.There are dozens of ways to link together design.If there are no bars, plastering mesh and other items intended for ligament fixation is carried out by means of dowels and flexible wire (knitting).The wall hammer anchor diameters 6 mm and its cap screwed to the wire fastening, the length equal to the width of the bricks.The ends of the wires are hidden inside the masonry.High-quality binding - is the wire fixing every four rows.Justified - every 60-70 cm

Video -. Masonry window opening from bricks

can not fill the space between the main wall and lining solution or heaters as disrupting the natural ventilation, materials will rot.The gap provides ventilation and good thermal insulation.That's it, we advise you to check out how to impose the metal furnace bricks.And how you stacked bricks?