Types and Features Truss

Rafter system serves as the primary carrier of the entire roof structure.It determines the stability and strength of the upper part of the house.Rafters must withstand the weight of the roofing material, snow and wind pressure, so when choosing the most suitable system variations to consider the climatic characteristics of the region.The main functional elements of the truss structure are inclined struts, vertical pillars and rafters.

Materials for Manufacturing of rafters

roof system can be carried out using a metal or wood elements.Each of the existing variations of rafters has its own characteristics.

Metallic rafters

Metal structures made of rolled steel by electric arc welding.This system is characterized by maximum rigidity.In most cases, the metal profile of the rack installed under ridge purlin and used as supports.To carry out installation work may need the involvement of special equipment.It is more expedient to use a metal variation of the rafters in such cases:

• at high wind loads on a roof;
• if the roofing system has a complex geometry;
• when a large mass of roofing material;
• in the case of long spans overlapping.

Provided editing mixed truss system should avoid contacting the metal with wood elements.Otherwise, it may rot due to waterlogged wood, due to the appearance of condensation on the metal surface.

elements metal roof system characterized by high thermal conductivity.This feature leads to rapid heating and cooling of the instantaneous material.In this context, there is a need for a more thorough insulation of the roof.

Wooden rafters

good alternative to metal structures - wooden rafters.They are extremely easy to install and can be assembled on-site.The most commonly used pine timber with the section of 150x150 mm for system devices.It will approach the size of the board 50h150 mm.

It should be noted that prolonged exposure to mechanical stress can deform the tree.To avoid this, it is recommended to pre-processing of the material moisture protection means or resort to the use of the insulation film.You should also take care of podstropilnogo space is well-ventilated.

Processing wooden rafters

Antibacterial and fire handling - it is vitally necessary procedures that should be carried out at a preliminary stage.Treatment with antibacterial compounds helps prevent decay processes and increases the operational potential of the material.Fireproofing material reduces flammability, making it the most resilient to the direct impact of open flame.

truss system naslonnogo and hanging type

All truss structure divided into two types - naslonnye and hanging.The choice of system is determined by the design features of the building.Regardless of the performance, finished design should be as resistant to the negative factors of various types, including:

• precipitation;
• wind load;
• humidity;
• fluctuations in temperature indicators;
• negative impact of living microorganisms.

Features hanging rafters

Rafter system hanging type used in the construction of single-span buildings made of brick or stone.Rafters such structures are only two support points, which serve as load-bearing walls of the house.The system creates a bursting force which passed the walls of the building.

To compensate for this load, it is most expedient to resort to tightening arrangement.It can connect each truss pair at the bottom, so that the pressure exerted on the walls is minimized.bolt - additional tightening may be set to ensure the maximum effect of rafters above the ground.

rafters hanging type systems rely on support beams - mauerlat.In this connection the rafter feet and the structural core is carried out by means of cuttings.In addition, the design can be fixed bracket or clamp.

Features naslonnyh rafters

characteristic feature naslonnyh rafters is the need for an intermediate bearing wall.They are used for all types of roofing material, regardless of the house walls.They are also widely used in the creation of mansard roofs.

naslonnoy upper part of the design is based on the ridge beam.Last supported by special supports.Below rafters rest on the harness.This design feature helps to ensure that the main load is transferred vertically.As a result, the overall weight indices tend to decrease in the installation and tightening the horizontal is not necessary.

rafters create maximum force for bending and compressive load is almost completely removed.It is therefore possible to use the thin boards, which make the whole structure lighter.Here you can talk and significant monetary savings.

Rafter system for hip roofs

Tent roof look like a pyramid.The basis of this design may be a square or rectangle.The plane triangular rays are joined at the top.A characteristic feature is the absence of such roofs gables.

entire truss system relies on mauerlat, which should be as firmly fixed on the wall.From the horizontal shift in the further exploitation mauerlat protect the exterior walls.Provided that no roof is large, it is possible to resort to the use of a short timber.Compound individual elements is thus carried out at an angle of 90 degrees that.

Structurally, such a system has four Plait adornments rafters that are fixed in the corner of the roof of a base.They may have naslonnoe hanging or execution.At the top of the rafters converge.

Rafter system for hip roofs

hipped roof is also not equipped with gables.Two planes rays such roofs look like a trapezoid, and the other two - a triangle.Rafters in such a system are arranged diagonally.Education rays hipped roof is due to the intermediate rafters.For their attachment used mauerlat skates and beams.The distance between the individual elements thus be varied within 100-120 cm.

Plait adornments basis for the top of the trusses is run skates.It is presented in the form of a wooden beam, with a cross section identical to the cross section of the diagonal trusses.Plait adornments rafters should be the longest.This allows them to withstand the maximum load, which is transmitted from narozhnikov.

Rafter system for sloping roofs

When installing a hanging roof system for sloping roofs should be noted that in the rafters will be given to two types of stress - compressive and flexural strength.To minimize the effect of these factors, it is advisable to resort to the bottom of the tightening structure.Subject of the installation works the executor will have to resolve the problem of following character:

1. prepare drawings.
2. determine the optimum angle of inclination of the roof structure.
3. Select the most suitable type of truss system.
4. Calculate the number of required materials.
5. collect the bulk of the structure on the ground.
6. Raise design up and continue the installation.
7. ensure a secure fit of the system components.

Trussed rafters for wider spans

Given the large value of the span is recommended to use trusses.Through their application can create any configuration of the roof.The amount of bias may vary depending on the individual preferences of the owner of the object.With their help, the variant arrangement of the attic floor.Trusses can be made directly on the construction site or order a ready-made designs.

Trussed rafters for wider spans constructively include the following elements:

• tightening;
• bracing;
• rafters;
• rack;
• crossbars.

Component elements of the system are installed within the upper and lower belts.This eliminates the need for installation of additional supports.the design pressure is transmitted only vertically.

What is the result?Rafter

system is selected depending on the design features of the building roof and the whole.From literacy assembly work depends directly on the reliability and service life of the roof.In order for it to be a maximum, should be very attentive to the resolution of this issue.