Different types of foundations in construction

foundation Classification

main condition for the design of the foundation is to determine the correct depth of the base.Also important is considered a relief design of underground elements, thus preserving the environmental burden on the nature of the underground space.

Foundation - a design that dug into the ground below the frost and assumes the load of the entire building.Its depth - the distance from the ground surface to the bottom of the sole.Classification foundations following:

• Materials.It may be produced from natural and synthetic materials;
• form.The most common form - is a trapezoid, but also is rectangular;
• By way of the construction - modular and monolithic base;
• design solutions - solid, pile, band, bar;
• By laying depth - shallow and deep foundations.

sand foundations are used very rarely because of their unreliability.Most often used brick, but they are not popular as brick rather expensive material.In addition, its water resistance is very low, so you can not build, except on dry soils.With rubble and rubble concrete foundation are more common, they are strong, durable and economical.The only drawback is that such a structure can be done only in areas where the rubble stone is a local material.The most popular concrete foundations, because they are durable and can be used on a variety of soils.

Tip!When deciding which type of foundation to select for the construction, in consultation with a specialist.

Species base

consider in more detail the variety of foundations.

Tape foundation is done under all load-bearing walls and can be prefabricated or monolithic.For prefabricated materials are reinforced concrete or concrete blocks.Solid as the foundation is being built with the formwork into which concrete is poured.The disadvantage of strip foundations can be considered their massiveness, labor and high cost.However, all this is compensated by the reliability and wide possibilities of the cap device.

basis columnar foundation pillars are made of concrete, stone and wood, which are laid at the intersection of walls and prospective areas with high load.In support mounted strapping beams, which form the base of the jamb.This technology is the most economical and is used in the construction of light buildings.The disadvantage is the complexity of the cap device and a basement unit.

Note!Pier foundation is the cheapest in the building.

slab foundation suggests bookmark whole slab under the entire construction area.The board can be monolithic or built of well-matched reinforced concrete beams.This technology is used in the construction on unstable ground.

Types deep foundation

foundations During the construction of buildings designed heavy foundation deep foundation.They are used in the construction of bridges, industrial plants, port facilities and so on.They have the following features: Do not need to be pre-ejection of the pit, perfectly withstand horizontal loads, there is no bulging of the soil.Also, all vertical forces to take the structure not only foundation sole, but also the side surfaces due to friction.

The following types of deep foundations: caissons, shell caisson.Also near the device technology is the "wall in the ground."Such bases are not used in the construction of private homes.This is due to the impractical high cost and complexity, which does not allow them to build with their own hands.

Note!These types of foundations sink deep into the ground due to the special heavy equipment.