How to make a ladder frame with his hands

hard to imagine a private two-story house without a stairway.The construction of the stairs in the house - one of the most difficult tasks in the construction process, as this structural element is located inside the building and must not only be strong, but also consistent with the overall design concept.It is worth noting that the stairs in the house should be safe and withstand heavy loads.For this purpose it must have a strong frame.To learn how to correctly make the frame ladder with their hands - on.

Types of staircasesHousing

most common staircases used in private homes, made of metal.Wooden stairs are not very popular, because at the same load-carrying capacity of larger and take up more space.In addition, the tree more difficult to work with and it is quite capricious in care.

Metal stairs is easier to install, more durable and undemanding in operation.They can be used as a finished structure, and as a frame to which the elements are assembled from glass, wood or plastic.

Metal stairs, depending on their configuration, are:

• Spiral.
• Rotary.
• Marching.
• Screw.
• Arcuate.
• With the availability of the site or no.
• closed or open type.

Intra frames of ladders are:

1. Hidden.This frame is made from crude metal for finishing other materials.As a rule, the construction of this ladder is not too concerned about the appearance of the final design, because all the defects in welding and metal will be hidden under the trim.Special emphasis during installation of hidden skeletons made on construction of the fortress.This option is best suited for beginners builders.
2. Open frameworks do not provide for additional finishing and therefore must be installed perfectly.metal quality and appearance of the welds must be "on high".These ladders are mostly the work of art that can decorate any interior.For the manufacture and installation of stairs with open frames needed extensive work experience.

Manufacture and installation of a ladder frame.Required tools

If the decision on their own to build a ladder yet accepted, you must have the following tools:

• welding machine.
• set of electrodes (type and diameter depend on the metal).
• Metal, depending on the configuration of the ladder (angle, channel, square tube, etc.).
• Angle grinder with sets of wheels (for metal cutting and stripping seams).Do not skimp on the circles, cut and cleaned Cleaning disc cutting is unacceptable for security reasons.

Materials for metal processing: metal brush (you can use a special attachment on a drill or grinders), primer, paint, rust converter.

Basic requirements for installing stairway

To mount the stairs to be comfortable and safe, and will last for many years, it is necessary to know the basic requirement for it.Based on them, the initial stage of the work necessary to produce and verify all the calculations, because the work of the metal does not forgive mistakes, correct them will be very difficult.

• Optimum width of a flight of stairs is 0.8 to 1 m.
• height of the railing must be at least 0.9 m, so that they are suitable for people with any growth.
• step height should not exceed 0.2 m and the width -. Not less than 0.3 m At a higher level, the stairs would be difficult to climb, especially for people with health problem.
• load, which must withstand the ladder shall be: for the entire structure - not less than 200 kg, for the railing - not less than 100 kg.
• slope of a flight of stairs shall not exceed 45 °.
• Distance between the ladder and the wall of the room should be no more than 5 cm

Types stairs skeletons of metal staircases

Usually in the construction of private home stair frames are made of two types:.

1. With one stringers.The mainstay of this framework is a central beam, which passes through the central axis of the stairs.This design looks quite attractive and a bit of "air".This ladder frame, as if hangs in the air.However, from a technical point of view to produce a ladder frame is much more difficult due to increasing the load on a beam and on the steps of the elements.To increase reliability and reduce the likelihood of deformation steps have to digest extra bracing and gussets.
2. With two stringers.Although these stairs do not look too appealing, they have a huge margin.Such a metal frame, the price is due to the simplicity is not too high, making them an excellent choice for novice builders.He represents two metal beams, which are welded steel steps.

Manufacturing ladder frame with two stringers

For such a framework will need two I-beams and steel corner shelf with a minimum width of 32 mm.

beam length is calculated quite simply.To do this, measure the height from the floor of the first floor to the finished floor of the second floor, as well as the distance from the point of touching the stairs to the floor of the first floor to the perpendicular from the point of tangency to the floor of the second floor.

For example, the height between the floors of the two floors (A) is 2.5 meters and the distance from the stairs to the perpendicular (B) is 4.5 meters.

In this case, using the Pythagorean theorem, we can calculate the length of a pair of beams.

C2 = A2 + B2, in our case it will be 5.1 m.

Next, you need to check the next tilt angle of the stairs.As mentioned earlier, it should be no more than 45 °.

For this sin must calculate the angle and using a special table Bradis known since high school, to determine the angle.

To do this, divide the height between the floor and the first floor to the second length of the ladder beam (kosoura).

Sin α = A / C = 0,485643.According to the table is the value of sin corresponds to an angle of 29 °, which is quite acceptable.

next step is to calculate the number of steps.This requires taking into account their height and depth.

In normal height of 18 cm on our staircase turns 14 steps, in this case, their depth is 4.5 / 14 = 32 cm, which is sufficient for its comfortable use.

So our staircase will have a length of 5.1 m. 14 steps height of 18 cm and depth of 32 cm. Depending on this you can calculate the number of corners.It goes one step (18 + 32) x 2 = 0.8 m, respectively, the entire staircase: 14 x 0.8 = 11.2 meters.It is better to buy a couple of meters more conservatively.If you remain apart, they just will not be superfluous to the economy.

is welded construction stages better even when installed beams.It is imperative to check the level using the parallelism of the two halves of each stage.

When working on welded structures should pay attention to the quality of the weld.It must be strong, because the stairs have to withstand heavy loads.After welding all the seams must be carefully smooth out using a grinder.

When the ladder frame is welded, it is necessary to carry out its anti-corrosion treatment to prevent corrosion and improve his appearance.It is better to use a three-layer paint: primer layer and two layers of enamel.

Now you can install railings and steps.Steps to finish better than wood.They have an attractive appearance and in comparison with metal steps is not too noisy.

Mounting frame spiral staircase

frames spiral staircases are more complex in execution and design, so they rarely try to mount with no experience.However, these stairs are very attractive and at the same time take up much less space than a mid-flight.

Work procedure:

1. need two tubes of suitable diameter for manufacturing a skeleton of a spiral staircase.The first (smaller diameter) is required to install the ladder rack, and the second (larger diameter) - will be used for the manufacture of ladder.It must be cut using a grinder at the same size pieces (about 180-200 mm).
2. important to make cuts is strictly a right angle to achieve the correct angle degrees location.
3. For the convenience of assembly steps is better to make a template from the tree in which it will be possible to fix the pipe to expose the corners and weld them together in one piece.When using the template will be able to achieve the same levels, which is important not only from an aesthetic, but also a structural point of view.
4. Once all stages are ready, they must be put on the central rack.If the diameter of the latter does not allow the steps of rigidly mounted on it, and they are loose, it is necessary to use the O-rings.They are made from a rod of the required diameter.
5. ready designs set vertically, the correct position of the central tube is checked using a level.For better reliability and a lower end concreted.The upper end is secured to the base by means of flanges overlap, or if the span of the concrete slabs - is inserted into the hole and is sealed therein solution.
6. When the structure is set to the workplace level should be set so that the angle between the distal and proximal previous stage was followed by a perpendicular angle.
7. between a stage welds the area to give them more stiffness.The last thing installed railings.For their production used a corpse square.
8. After that, with the help of Bulgarian sanded welds and carrying out anti-corrosion treatment.Once a metal ladder frame from paint dries, it installed wooden steps.

Stairs on a metal frame: Video