How to make a heating system in a private home

Just a few decades ago, the only type of home heating furnace was that explained cheapness solid fuel and the lack of access to other sources of energy.In a relatively short heating time we developed a very strong and there are so many variations, that the owner of the house can be a meal for choosing the version that suit him best.In this article we will try to find out step by step so as to make a heating system in a private home, as this question inevitably arises and during construction, and renovation.

Types of energy and factors sources, determining their choice

The main factor influencing the correct choice of the heating system - it is the presence of a number of available fuel or sourceenergy, which subsequently is converted to the desired us heat.As used by mankind today.

solid fuel

Types solid fuel

solid fuel anciently used by man as a source of energy.They can be:

• firewood or any wi qq revesiny, including waste wood production.This is the type of fuel used for a long time, which has not lost relevance so far.In the same category can be attributed to its modern types: pellets or briquettes (evrodrova), - for the production of which is used dried and pressed wood waste.Due to the low moisture content in these products, manufacturers are assured that their calorific value of 2 - 3 times higher than conventional wood.
• Coal gives the combustion of more heat than wood, but it forms a significant amount of ash, which require periodic cleaning and removal.For the ignition of coal will require all the same wood fuel.
• Peat pure fuel is not already in use, so manufacturers offer so-called peat briquettes, where the original raw thoroughly dried, and then compressed into a convenient transport and storage form.Naturally, the calorific value of the briquettes significantly higher than that of natural turf.

Fireplaces homes

very first heat sources were ordinary fires, and then there were fireplaces and stoves, where over combustion solid fuel alreadythere is at least some kind of control.And this kind of heating still too early to send to the "dustbin of history".When it comes of a private home, where people appear periodically and not permanently reside (eg house), the fireplace or stove will be the ideal option.Master-craftsmen have developed a lot of great projects in which a fireplace and stove combined.In such houses owners such furnaces can simultaneously enjoy an open flame, heat rooms and cook food.

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Solid fuel boilers

In order to transmit the energy transfer agent, as is more often appears the water, there are special solid fuel boilers, they were for a long time, undeservedly pushed into the background thanks to the victorious progressgas-fired boilers.But in recent years, with the constant rise in price of primary energy: electricity, gas and a variety of liquid fuels, - they acquire a second birth.Here are the main advantages of solid-fuel boilers:

• Solid fuel boilers have the lowest cost of generated heat: one kilowatt of energy, produced of 4 times cheaper, than at burning natural gas, at least than 8 time cheaper, than at burning diesel and 17 timesless than heat produced by electric boiler.
• Most modern solid fuel boilers do not require connection to electricity, their equipment is nonvolatile.Therefore, they are suitable to operate where there is no gas, there are frequent interruptions or no electricity.It should be noted that, for complete autonomy with solid fuel boiler, heating system should be designed with natural circulation and open expansion tank .
• Current models pyrolysis long burning boilers virtually "omnivorous» - take any kind solid fuel, including a variety of combustible waste.They require only one or two times a day cleaning and bookmarks.Due to favorable conditions in them, fuel combustion is the most complete, however, and ash and slag therein is much less.

However, solid fuel boilers are not perfect, so have some disadvantages:

• Even if «advanced» automation, this type of boilers requires mandatory participation of the person cleaningand bookmark the new portion of fuel.Partially not have this drawback pellet boilers, where feed from the hopper into the combustion chamber takes place automatically, but they require periodic cleaning, and the cost of pellets is "bite".
• Solid fuel boilers have large dimensions and require a separate room for himself and for the supply of fuel as well as the chimney, capable of withstanding high temperatures.
• These types of boilers have a very large thermal inertia and may generate excess heat for heating, so it is advisable to equip their water accumulator tank , and it greatly affects the total cost of the heating system.

Nevertheless, solid fuel boilers still mankind to be used for a long time, since they operate on renewable fuels, which can not be said of hydrocarbons reserves are dwindling and prices are constantly rising.The private homes of their use is justified only where there is no gas supply or source solid fuel at a very low price.

Liquid fuel and liquid-fuel boilers

Most liquid-fuel boilers running on diesel fuel (diesel fuel), less fuel oil.Their application is justified only in the case where no access to natural gas or to solid fuel.Without electricity, however, they do not work.The advantages of liquid-fuel boilers are:

• To install this boiler does not need to receive a special permit (as a gas-fired boilers).
• Fuel oil boilers are high efficiency.
• Most models have a high capacity that allows to heat large areas at home or group of buildings.
• Fuel oil boilers are easy to adjust.
• Some models can reflux ransformirovatsya in boilers by replacement burner.
• heat generated by oil boilers, is much cheaper than electric.

Disadvantages of liquid-fuel boilers:

• Such boilers are volatile, for the burner required electricity.When disruptions in its supply need to manually zapus to otla.
• To install the boiler requires a special separate room with a good stretch.
• require large capacity , and necessary to provide electric heating diesel fuel in the winter for storage of fuel reserves.
• Fuel oil boilers are very noisy because of the work of the fan burner.
• Heat generated by such boilers is significantly more expensive than the produced gas or solid fuel.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that profitable oil boilers installed for heating private houses a large area, which in the long term, with supply routes, will be transferred to the gas.

Heating using electricity

transmit and use electrical energy, of course, it is most convenient.And the conversion into heat is carried out easiest, and manage the heating process is also easy.Why it is not used as it would like to have?First of all, it is necessary to know how can use electrical power for heating?

Direct methods of heating electricity

In this process, the heat transfer in the room there is no "mediator» - coolant and directly.The implementation of such an electric heating can occur in different ways:

• heating using oil radiators.These devices are known and most are heating heater, placed inside a metal radiator with mineral oil, which is warming up, transmits heat the body of the device, and that in the surrounding space.In the electric oil heaters heat transferred a convection by , and radiation.They have a certain thermal inertia inherent in the classic cast iron radiators, easy to install, however, this type of heaters more than convectors.
• Heating by electric convectors implemented easier than oil radiators.In such devices heater placed in a ceramic shell and hermetically soldered to the body of steel or aluminum, which has a ribbed shape.When heated, the heat is distributed by convector, cold air enters from the bottom and going through ribs , is heated and rises to the top, ie, convection occurs.The heated air is already warm transmits building structures and surrounding objects.The proportion of radiation in such devices is about 10%.

• Heating by means of electric warm floor very well-proven as an aid in private homes and apartments, but it can also be used as the primary - if only enough dedicated power.Implemented a heating system using heating cables or infrared films , which hide or floor screed or under carpets.This is one of the most comfortable types of electric heating.
• Heating using infrared emitters - one of the most modern forms of electric heating.The main elements - emitters, can be mounted on the ceiling, walls, floor.They are the life of both fixed and mobile.Transformation of electric energy into infrared rays takes place by means of quartz emitter that provides a very high proportion of infrared radiation.A feature of such radiators is that they heat only those items that are in their range.It allows you to create zones with different temperature conditions.

• Heating private homes with the help of fan heaters well-proven, but not as stationary as well as the main support.For example, in the coldest days of the main heating system can not cope with its function or need to quickly warm up the room country house in the winter, while the inertial water radiators come to your normal mode.

direct method of heating with electricity is the easiest to implement, since its implementation is only required to fix the thermal instruments and hold them wiring, install the thermostats and controllers, if necessary.The widespread use of this method of heating is limited, first of all, the high cost of electricity, capping capacity at one house, as well as an expensive equipment.

electric water heating

This type of heating can be called indirect because the heat passed beginning of heaters coolant - water, and only then the water is distributed using pipelines on by displaced and It gives its heat through conventional radiators.The heart of the system are electric heaters, which can be of several types:

• Electric boilers with heating elements (tubular electric heaters), which are used in washing machines and electric kettles.The advantages of these boilers is their simplicity, which is beneficial affects the price.The main drawback - inevitable formation of scale that greatly reduces heat loss over time.
• electrode boilers is used as a heater in fact the water itself, which by passing through it electric current undergoes a process of electrolysis with high heat.Such boilers are compact in size, scale them is not formed, but for their operation need water preparation and periodic replacement of electrodes.
• Induction heaters are used for water heating phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.The sealed coil generates an alternating magnetic field of high frequency, under its influence in the core and the body of the boiler generates eddy currents that heat up the metal.Heat is transferred circulates coolant - water.Such boilers reliable, they have a high efficiency, but also on tse on them than on TENovye and electrode.

Summarizing all the positive characteristics of the water electric boilers, it is possible to note their benefits:

• Electric boilers are small and can be installed in any convenient location of a private house.

• They have a high efficiency, silent in operation, do not emit any harmful substances, do not require a chimney.
• Electric heaters are safe to use.
• They can be integrated into an existing heating system with gas or solid fuel boilers as a reserve, auxiliary member or coolant to prevent freezing in winter.Why?