The floor in the basement of the house : finishing Features

basement actually do in virtually every private house, permitting the type of foundation.You can use it in very different ways - for the storage of crops and conservation as a repair shop or living room.But that extra space served as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to conduct detailed finishing, and better to start with the most problematic parts - the floor.In this article we describe in detail how to make the floor in the basement, and what materials are used for its finishing.

Options arrangement floor

functionality basement can be different, depending onthe purposes for which you have built it.But in any case, a floor must meet certain requirements.Since it is closest to the ground, the risk that it may be cold and wet, much higher than for building on the ground floor.That is why it is important to do everything possible to isolate the floor and make it as stable.

If you want to make out of the basement living room, the floor is better to make out of wood.For the workshop is perfect concrete screed and storage preservation, products or things you can arrange clay floors.Let us consider each of these options in more detail.

concrete floor

concrete floor in the basement of the house is the most popular solution, as it ensures a high strength, durability and reliability.This is the best option for arranging the basement in areas with shallow depth of groundwater.Other materials in such cases dampen and spoil, and provides additional waterproofing concrete.

To make concrete floors in the basement of a private home, you need the following tools and materials:

• cement brand M400 is not below (if you choose less durable cement, the floor can not support the load and crack);
• river sand without impurities of clay;
• rubble to create drainage, which will go through the excess moisture;
• concrete block for floor insulation;
• roll waterproofing;
• a mixing solution (ideally better to rent a concrete mixer);
• shovel;
• rule;
• building level.

Below, we briefly describe the process of creating a concrete screed, which can be laid topcoat.Select it should also be based on the functional purpose of the basement.For the studio is best to choose a ceramic tile or linoleum inexpensive to the floor can be easily and quickly cleaned.For residential premises preferred warmer and aesthetic covering - carpet, laminate and parquet.

How to pour the floor in the basement of the house:

1. Align and tamp the soil surface.
2. Make a mound of gravel 15 cm thick, sprinkle it with water and tamp thoroughly.
3. On gravel pour 10 cm of sand, and moisten it with water and tamp.Check the evenness of building level - you should have a smooth and dense layer to fill the next floor.
4. on a sandy pillow lay a drainage roll roofing material.Waterproofing of the floor in the basement of the house is extremely important.If it is not done, the moisture will penetrate and destroy the concrete covering.Instead of roofing material you can use a thick plastic wrap in 2 layers.Lay lengths of cloth with overlap of 10-15 cm and do overlaps on the wall 20 cm
5. The resulting waterproof "bowl" 15 cm pour a layer of expanded clay -. It will protect the floor from freezing.Also, concrete floors can insulate mineral wool, expanded polystyrene and other solid materials, concrete block but is cheaper and used more often.
6. If you plan to place in the basement of heavy furniture or appliances, the floor should be strengthened with reinforcing mesh bars with a thickness of 5 mm.For storage of fruit and preservation of reinforcement is not necessary.
7. Now you are ready to fill the floor in the basement.You should begin with the corner opposite the door, gradually moving toward the stairs.Pour a little concrete and immediately straighten his rule.
   
8. In the process of creating ties within the cement mixture is required to form air voids.If they are not clean, the floor will rather weak, so after you have filled in and leveled slightly segment treat his machine or poprotykayte stick.
9. Leave screed to dry for 3 days, periodically sprinkling with water, to prevent its too rapid evaporation.Otherwise, the surface may be cracked.After three days, you can no longer moisten the screed and calmly wait for its complete drying.It usually takes up to 3 weeks.

Leave a bare concrete floor is not very recommended because of its many no clean up, it would still be dust.Alternatively, you can cover it with a mixture of polymer self-leveling or just paint enamel (the cheapest option).If you want to make out of the basement living room, you can arrange insulated wooden floor on joists on concrete.About log stacking technology, we will talk about later.

floor in the basement of a private home (video) Concrete:

Clay floor

clay flooring manufacturing technology has appeared thousands of years ago, but in recent years interest in her resumed.Eco-friendly, cheap and very comfortable flooring made of clay are increasingly appearing in private homes and even apartments, and they fit just perfect for arranging basements.

The good clay floors:

1. cheapness - the decisive factor for the majority, who started the repair or construction.But for all its cost-clay floor is as good as expensive coatings or even surpasses them.Economy is not only low cost of consumables, but also that you do not need the help of professionals or a large construction equipment.
2. Natural - clay floor does not contain substances hazardous to health, on the contrary, he brings a solid advantage.When walking, clay removes the burden from the feet and natural ingredients beneficial to the skin.
3. clay can be re-used - if you ever want to change the floor in the basement of a wooden house is made of clay and straw, you can build a small extension or make the floor in another room.
4. Heat - Clay perfectly keeps heat inside and prevents the cold from the ground to penetrate into the room.In winter, it heats up quickly and retains a pleasant coolness in the summer.
5. If properly lay flooring of adobe (clay and straw), it will never be stained, scratched or dented.Cleaning will take a couple of minutes!
6. Clay floor does not need waterproofing, as the materials themselves in the mixture an excellent job with this function.It is only necessary to arrange the drain pad, and you can start laying the floor.
7. clay floor with arrangement to handle even the ignorant people in the building.

Of course, the manufacture of a mixture of floor technology has undergone some changes and improved, but the essence remains the same.For the manufacture of adobe coverage you need clay, river sand, straw, flax seed oil, gravel, turpentine and beeswax.

Progress:

1. If you live in an area with a wet climate on a prepared and compacted ground must be 20 cm pour a layer of gravel.For the northern regions of the clay floor will need to be additionally insulate.This can be done in a mound of 10-15 cm of vermiculite or perlite.
   
2. on finished ground lay a layer of sub-floor thickness 5-7 cm His task -. Leveling the finished floor and insulation.Make a mixture of 30% clay, chopped straw and 70% of sieved sand.Straw in this case provides the tensile strength.Properly seal the subfloor machine or with the help of available funds.
   
3. thickness of the finished floor will be 2-2.5 cm. The mixture is made according to the above recipe for it, but you should use straw shorter.Since the quality of clay, sand and straw everywhere different, it is impossible to accurately predict the proportions and to guarantee the same result.Therefore, experts recommend to first test the mixture on a small area.It must get pretty dense not to crumble and crack when dry.
4. for applying the mixture using a spatula and to align - rule.The composition does not stick to the spatula, if it happens, then you have added too much clay, or it is too oily.Dilute the mixture with water and mix until uniform.If the solution is, on the contrary, is not held on a spatula, it is necessary to add more clay.
   
5. Important: to apply the final coat should be only after drying subfloor.Typically it takes 3 to 6 days depending on the climate.
6. To topcoat turned out nice and flat, clay and sand for mortar should be thoroughly sift and stir the mixture, breaking up lumps.
7. composition is applied to the subfloor three thin layers that together they produce about 2.5 cm. Each subsequent layer is applied after drying the previous one.
   
8. When the third layer is completely dry, you can begin to impregnation.For this purpose, warmed linseed oil, which protects the floor from abrasion and gives a hard and shiny surface.However, impregnation consists of several ingredients.To linseed oil to better penetrate into the thickness of the clay, it is necessary to add the turpentine.This same effect can achieve and mineral solvents, but to use them against the background of natural and environmentally friendly materials is the real crime.When working with turpentine, use gloves and provide good ventilation of the cellar.
   oil consumption by 30 square meters.m is 8 liters.The impregnation should be carried out in several passes, each time to prepare a new mixture.The second layer is applied only after the previous complete absorption, and so on.The first impregnation must consist entirely of oil, the second layer - a blend of 80% and 20% oil of turpentine, and the third - 60% oil and 40% turpentine.Each time add 20% more turpentine to cover them at the end of the floor in its purest form.
9. final stage - flooring beeswax.It gives the surface a smooth and makes it pleasant to the touch.Heat the wax and apply it in several thin layers.
   

This floor unit in the basement of a private home will provide a stable, flat and clean surface for many years.But over time, the earthen floor, like any other, it will be necessary to upgrade.To do this, simply repeat the impregnation process.If in the operation there will be chips and small cracks, rub them hard wax and oil-soaked.

floor on joists

Arrangement of floors in the basement joists to do better in the event that groundwater lie far from the surface, and the ground is dry enough.

Wooden logs should be treated with preservatives to protect against rot, insects and rodents.Their length should be shorter than the space of 2-3 cm, or floors can be deformed by shrinkage.Choose a powerful pine boards of thickness not less than 150 mm for rough floor, you can use any rough boards, and for finishing is better to take stable planks of 40-50 mm.

How to make the floor of the basement of the house:

1. Since logs will be installed on the ground, it is important to prevent them from direct contact with the ground.First tamp the base and make a sand cushion thickness of 15 cm.
2. on pillow-set columns stand for the lag.Determine lag will be based on what part of the house (the lower rail, grillage, covered with roofing material, etc.).The reference points put chalk marks.Then make a mark at the place of installation of columns and calculate their number.
   
3. Install pillars of reinforced concrete or brick in targeted areas.
4. top of the column paved with waterproofing material.
5. Attach to poles and supports the joists with anchor bolts.Remember that logs do not need to put a close to the walls - make the distance of 1-1.5 cm on each side.
6. to the bottom of the lag nail support rails and place them on the draft floor.Attach boards sub-floor is not necessary - they must lie freely, to avoid distortion in the case of ground motions or shrinkage of wooden structural elements.
7. How warm floors in the basement?The cheapest way - pour on the rough floor concrete block or put the mineral wool.If you use cotton wool, it is better for her to put extra waterproofing to evaporation from the ground are not harmed material.Strewn with plastic wrap or roofing material overlapping, stapling cuts of wide tape.On the walls are made of 20 cm overlaps.
   
8. top of heat-insulating material is recommended to put vapor barrier membrane.
9. between finished floor boards and insulation should be left to vent gap, so that moisture does not accumulate and are not impregnated insulation.The width of the gap of about 2 cm. If you use two-sided vapor barrier membrane, the gap can be reduced to 1 cm.
10. decking finished floor attach across the log, starting from the far corner of the basement.Stand back from the wall 2 cm - this gap subsequently closed plinth.As an alternative, the flooring may be used in the basement not stable planks and other material.If you plan to lay carpet, put a tile or laminate, veneer logs close - it will create a perfectly flat surface.
    

More information about the construction of the floor on joists can be found in the article "Laying wooden lag: the master class".

Make the floor in the basement under the force of each, good, there are many techniques that differ in complexity, cost and practicality.Finally - a few helpful tips:

prior arrangement sex think about where the wires are hidden and communication.Sex on logs, for example, allows you to easily lay them and provides access at any time.

If you want to make a wooden floor, choose wood varieties that are resistant to moisture.The best hardwoods are considered in this regard.

Choosing a carpet covering, keep in mind that if the basement is damp, it is normal to dry floor will not work and the carpet can become moldy.In this case, experts recommend to stay on the tile or self-leveling polymer blends.