Rafter roof system with his own hands : Instruction Video

Rafter system - the basis of the roof, it affects the reliability and durability of the roof, its ability to resist precipitation and wind.The design of roof system is determined by the shape of the roof and the house features layout and materials used.Rafter system being built with his own hands, usually made of wood, but it is possible to use other materials such as metal profiles.

Types of rafters and their application

Choice roof system - a crucial step that requires knowledge of the structure of each type of roof.Rafters may be:

1. Naslonnye rafters, based on the ridge pole and mauerlat.They are used in the construction of pent simple gable roof, as well as one of the elements of hip and sloping mansard roof.
2. Moving rafters - a kind naslonnyh trusses, wooden structures used for giving greater shrinkage.Their difference is moving to mount the rafters mauerlat, to compensate for shrinkage of the walls without a roof deformation.
3. Hanging rafters - the system of rafters, strapped bolts or bongs, typically used in the construction of a simple gable roof, as well as an upper mansard roof trusses.The hanging truss system of ridge pole is absent, and the top of the symmetrical rafters rely directly on top of each other.
4. Plait adornments rafters, otherwise known as angular or diagonal.They are used to perform trehskatnoy or hipped roofs, as well as for the roof with complex geometry.

items truss system

Any rafters are designed for distribution of the roof load on the house wall.The main elements, which are based on the rafters are:

• mauerlat - bar, attached to the upper surface of the walls around the perimeter of the house;
• sleepers - supporting bars laid on inner bearing walls or columns;
• beams overlap the upper floor;
• Racks and supports;
• Runs - horizontal support elements arranged along the axis of the roof rack.

roof trusses consists of the following elements:

• rafter - boards or beams that form the roof contour and arranged with a certain pitch;
• Puffs or beams - horizontal elements, tightening paired rafters with each other;
• Struts - props, set at an angle and supporting the rafters;
• filly - board mounted on the lower end of the rafters and roof overhangs forming;

Narozhniki - short rafters resting on diagonal hip rafters in the roof.

All these elements are in private construction is usually made of wood - lumber or boards softwood dried naturally.Wood impregnated with an antiseptic that helps to extend battery life.The thickness and diameter of the elements is determined by calculation.

technology implementation naslonnyh rafters

1. prior to construction is necessary to perform a sketch of the roof and calculate its size.Cross section and step rafters, as well as the need for additional supports and braces are also determined by calculation.
2. Stack and put the supporting elements: mauerlat, sleepers and joists, posts, ridge and intermediate runs.Details of these operations are described in the articles dealing with different types of roofs:
   • Pent roof;
   • gable roof;
   • Trehskatnaya roof;
   • hipped roof;
   • mansard roof.
3. Produce rafters pattern.To do this, take the board with a width corresponding to the estimated length of the trusses, with the same width, but thinner - it is easier and it is easier to accurately fit in place.The board applied to the installation of extreme rafters at one end to a ridge pole, the other - to mauerlat.
4. At the top of the template mark out the top gash.The form must be washed down so that lay on the ridge board and run with opposite fits snugly against the rafter.Washed down depth should not exceed 1/3 of the board width.
5. After cutting out the pattern of the upper washed down again applied in place and mark out the bottom washed down - it should be based on mauerlat, leaving large gaps.Template End saw round at an angle so that the cut is in the vertical plane.
   

   Connection scheme mauerlat with rafter foot

6. The resulting template is applied at the site of the installation of rafters, checking whether the adjustment will be needed in place.If the template fits perfectly (which is rare), you can immediately make the required number of rafters.If you need a correction lower has washed down, then the patterns are cut out only the top part of each rafter and the bottom washed down each time make the place.
7. Rafters put a set calculation step.Typically, it ranges from 50 to 120 cm and depends on the type of roofing, namely on its severity, and the expected snow load.Heavier coatings are ceramic tiles and slate, but they are now rarely used.Most often the choice is made in favor of a more modern, light and durable materials: metal, Ondulin, soft roof.For them, the rafters step, you can choose about 100 cm, without performing complicated calculations.
8. first set from the rafters gable.Rafter foot rests on the ridge pole and mauerlat and fixed on two nails of 100-150 mm at each node attachment.Setting truss pair, it is further bonded: in the upper part of the via pads and metal screws with one hand and with the corners of the other rib, the lower part - also straps or corners.
   

   Manual fastening to the rafter mauerlat

9. After installing the rafters at both gables of the roof between them pull the string and level the remaining rafters on it.Fastening the rafters produce similarly.
   

   Mount rafters

10. Install struts if required calculation results.Struts are made of the same material as the rafters.Apply a board of suitable length at a right angle to rafter, and mark out the bottom gash.It is important to consider what will draw the stay: on joists or sill, it affects the shape of the bottom washed down.After I washed down the lower strut put in place and mark the cutting line on the rafters.Prepared strut vraspor put between the beams and rafters and fastened with metal linings or parts.

Technology execution hanging rafters

1. Install mauerlat and floor beams.Hanging truss system has no vertical and horizontal supports, so no need to put the counter and runs.For convenience, mark out the center of the roof, which will be held on the skate by temporarily nailed on the centers gable boards.One edge of the board should designate the center of the roof.On the boards mark the roof height on the ridge.
2. Perform pattern.To do this, the board is applied to the lower end of mauerlat and top - to mark the height of the roof.Mark up the gash on the top edge of the board, designating the center of the roof, and lower at mauerlat, no more than 1/3 of the board width.Apply a pattern on both sides, specifying the symmetry of the rafters.
3. From template perform the required number of rafters.Lay them in pairs.Two rafters forming the farm, put the top slice to each other and bonded plate of metal or a scarf from the board to the screws or studs.The lower part is attached to the mauerlat on corners and screws and nails.
   

   Technology execution hanging rafters

4. Install tightening (girders) - boards to length, tightening rafters and did not allow them to disperse to the sides.The number and height of the crossbars is determined by calculating the location and design of the roof, they must not interfere with the passage of the attic, if it is planned to make premises or warehouse.Fixing puffs exercise n studs.So all set trusses, backing them with the struts.
   

   Methods fixing rafters to tightening

technology implementation hipped diagonal trusses

1. Since the rafters for the gambrel roof mounted diagonally, conventional methods of attachment are not suitable.Also in the diagonal trusses load considerably higher than naslonnye or hanging, so the material for execution should have larger cross section.You can use a timber with a thickness of 100 mm, but experience shows that it is more convenient to perform the rafters of two stacked and fastened boards of standard thickness.
2. diagonal rafters rely on the upper end of the rack, lower - to converge at right angles to the boards mauerlat.They mark out the place, and their main feature is that it does not perform gashes perpendicular to the plane of the board, and at an angle of 45 degrees.When the rafters of the spliced ​​boards perform first one side with oblique gashes, then the other, in a mirror image.
3. tightening the boards with each other on the screws, nails or studs.Fix hipped rafter using plates and screws.

better understand the basic techniques of construction of roof system with their own hands will help video.

When performing any roof system with their own hands is important to carefully secure all the nodes and connections, and to remember that the roof - this is the main protection of your home from the bad weather.It is therefore important not only to make a qualitative framework, but also to choose a suitable roofing material, such as corrugated board, and put it right.