Chimney for solid fuel boilers with their hands

chimney is an important part of the boiler equipment, ensuring safe removal of products of combustion.It is responsible not only for the removal of exhaust gases, but also for the supply of oxygen, without which combustion is impossible.The market is a large selection of Chimney for solid fuel boilers of different materials.In this article we will look at which ones are most effective, as well as show you how to make a chimney for solid fuel boilers with their hands.

Features selection

Chimney - an integral part of the heating system.Without it will not work, no kettle, on whatever fuel it may be operated.The main task of a chimney is to move the flue gases and fuel combustion products out of the house.Without it, all the smoke will go into the room, creating a hazardous situation.Selection and installation of the chimney on the solid fuel boiler - an important task, for which it is necessary to pay attention to the smallest nuances and have certain knowledge and skills.

Thrust

One of the main criteria when choosing a chimney thrust, which he is able to provide.From it depends on how effectively and quickly exhaust gases will leave the room, as well as the overall performance of the heating equipment.Thrust in the flue gas pipe is determined by speed of movement, which are formed by the collision of air streams with different temperature and atmospheric pressure drops.

magnitude of traction depends on many factors, but chief among them are the shape of the chimney (the presence of twists and length) and the cross section of its tubes.To get the most good draft, the chimney must be straight and tapered to the top.The more bends the pipe, the less traction, as the air takes more effort and time to get to the exit from the boiler.For this reason, the installation of the chimney for solid fuel boilers should try to do as little as possible turns, bends and slopes.For this heating equipment is better to put in the room, from which you can immediately withdraw the tube out.Depending on the characteristics of the boiler it can be a kitchen, hall and separate utility room - boiler room.

parameters determining the efficiency of traction:

1. If the chimney is constantly buzzing or begins to make noise periodically, it is recommended to install it in a special valve (gate).It will help to regulate traction and allow to achieve the highest possible performance.
2. If you notice that the flue gases and the smoke gradually penetrate into the room, then at low flue draft.Typically, these symptoms appear during the first test.In this case it is necessary to revise the design of the structure, making it more direct and to eliminate possible malfunctions.
3. To get consistently good traction, the height of the chimney for solid fuel boilers must not be less than 5 m. In this case, a pipe coming out of the roof to the outside should rise by at least 1 m above the ridge beam.

design features

If you are familiar with the basics of physics, you should know that the smoke coming out of the combustion chamber of the boiler spiral, and its speed increases gradually.This phenomenon necessitates the arrangement of the most direct and vertical chimney.If this is not done, then the trajectory of the smoke will be broken, and the thrust weakens.

should also take into account the cross-sectional shape of the pipe for the chimney solid fuel boiler.The optimal form of a circle or oval.Square and rectangular pipes may not provide the most efficient removal of the flue gases.In this case, will form swirls, soot will quickly soot tube is clogged, the thrust will be insufficient.Selecting sectional shape and length of the chimney determined by the heating system used, the type and characteristics of the boiler building.

Types Chimneys

In any solid fuel boiler flue gas temperature can range from 180C to 500C.Naturally, not every material is able to withstand such extreme conditions, so use a special high-strength and heat-resistant materials for the manufacture of chimneys.

Species chimneys depending on the material:

• asbestos;
• brick;
• ceramic;
• metal;
• glass.

Each of the different types of performance, cost, and installation method.

Asbestos cement chimneys

Asbestos cement pipes commonly used for the construction of chimneys only some 20 years ago, but they are quickly replaced by the more advanced materials.Despite the low cost of such chimneys are often not withstand the high temperatures of the combustion products and burst.

In addition, asbestos cement pipes really only be used on vertical sections, since they can not be bent.They weigh a lot, and to cope with the installation on their own without the use of large-scale lifting equipment is difficult.Another major drawback is the inability to make a completely sealed joints between the elements.This is considered a gross violation of the rules of operation of flues in private homes.

Due to the specific composition of the pipe in its walls absorbed condensate, which very quickly destroys it.In other words, though the pipe made of asbestos and cheap, they are very unreliable and is not recommended to be used for chimneys.

brick chimneys

If you still want to save as much as possible, but do not sacrifice quality, you can build a brick chimney.It will be cheaper than the analogues listed below.It is worth noting that for the installation of the chimney only burned fireproof bricks can be used (red or fireclay).This pipe will withstand any high temperatures and even fire soot inside.

But if you remember, we said that a good chimney with consistently strong draft can only be round or oval cross-section.To build a brick chimney will not work - it will be either square or rectangular, and hence accumulations of soot and eddies can not be avoided.In addition, the brick itself is very heavy, and taking into account that the length of the chimney should be about 5 m, on the foundation of the load will be quite serious.Before you opt for this option, make sure that the foundation of the house will withstand the extra weight of several kilograms.For heavy brick chimney is necessary to build additional strong reinforced concrete ceiling.Generally, such work requires skills, so it is often trusted Pechnikov-masons.

rough surface of the bricks will inevitably accumulate soot, so the chimney will need to be cleaned periodically.In the past in Europe there was even a special profession of chimney sweeps, as all the houses were of brick or stone chimneys.This profession is alive to this day, but have resorted to the services of chimney sweeps only in cases of severe blockages.

masonry Features:

1. Masonry chimney should be made only from solid bricks.
2. For fixing using an ordinary cement-sand mortar.
3. chimney walls spread in a half-brick, their thickness was 12 cm.
4. Dimensions chimney and the ventilation duct must be a multiple of the dimensions of bricks, plus the width of the vertical joints (cross-section 140x140 mm, 140x200 mm and 140h240 mm, etc.).
5. exhaust gases must not be too cool in the chimney, so it is best placed in the inner bearing masonry building wall or attach to the wall.Those portions of the channel, which will pass through unheated rooms, such as the attic or storage room, you need to wrap the outside with non-combustible insulation material (usually made of mineral wool).

brick chimney perfect for solid fuel boilers, because they supply the waste heat gases that does not allow condensation to form.On the other hand, if you build a chimney for a liquid fuel, pellet or other boiler, constantly acting in slow combustion mode, the condensate will quickly destroy the brickwork.

modern design boilers differ quite low flue gas temperatures, so the brick chimney is more suitable for older models or conventional oven with wood.The off-gases rich in sulfur, which is mixed with condensate, destructive forms sulfuric acid.If you notice on the chimney walls dark wet spot, then sulfuric acid is already beginning to eat away at them.

Tip: To connect a brick chimney to the boiler with a low temperature of the exhaust gas into the channel you want to insert a special pad in the form of a metal or ceramic tube.

Ceramic chimneys

These chimneys can be used for all boilers, including solid as pipe material is impervious to extremely high temperatures and harsh chemical environments.This type of product is the most durable and high quality, as evidenced by its high cost.

Depending on the permissible exhaust gas temperature ceramic chimneys are classified as follows:

1. tubes suitable for solid-fuel boilers, capable of withstanding a maximum 600-650S.They are resistant to fire, soot deposits and can be used in a dry state.
2. for oil and gas boilers need to use the pipe to withstand a maximum 400-450S capable of functioning in a wet state.They have special outlets for the condensate.

Important: Feature ceramic tube is that it absorbs the condensate and therefore the installation should provide proper ventilation of the outer walls.

Since the walls of the ceramic chimney perfectly smooth and even, they practically do not accumulate soot.Clean them very comfortable, and to do it will have quite rare.To build using diverse elements. Pipe length from 60 cm to 1 m connecting them to each other by means of fittings and special heat-resistant adhesive mastic.

The picture below shows the chimney unit for solid fuel boilers.Make a system of his own is difficult, so it is best to entrust the work of a specialist.Besides the ceramic tube is necessary to lay insulation material to gases do not cool down too quickly and did not provoke the emergence of the condensate.You should also build a shell of concrete modular units with ventilation channels and openings for vertical reinforcement.Ceramic tubes should be placed in special vertical channels for the construction of which take hollow brick or concrete blocks.Channel itself can be positioned in the ventilation of the building block.The concrete blocks in addition to the ventilation ducts should be opening for the valve assembly.The protruding above the roof of the pipe must be reinforced without fail.

Insulation around pipes is necessary not only to prevent too rapid cooling of exhaust gases, but also to protect the surrounding structures from fire.As insulation material is best suited mineral wool.It is inexpensive and has a proper temperature resistance.

Metal chimneys

Metal chimneys are today perhaps the most popular mainly because of the ease of installation.However, their service life is substantially lower than that of ceramic products, and sometimes exceeds the cost price of a good or ceramic brick chimney.For the manufacture of stainless steel tubes using a thickness of 0.5 mm, and can withstand temperatures up 400-450S gases and condensate effect with sulfur.

Important: You should choose a tube of heat-resistant steel with a thickness not less than 1 mm for solid-fuel boilers.

Despite the small period of operation, steel chimneys are in demand, because it is very easy to install, weigh little and do not need to strengthen the base for the installation of equipment or air ducts.If necessary, they can be easily repaired or replaced one of the sites, without dismantling the whole structure.

There are several varieties of steel chimney:

1. Single-pipe - they can be installed in a special pre-equipped with a vertical channel.Design features are the same as that of the ceramic chimney (insulation, ventilation).Single-walled chimney is suitable for the repair of the brick and adapting it to a gas boiler.To do this, you just have to insert the tube into the channel.This chimney is quite possible to make your own sheet steel hands.
2. double-skinned sandwich pipe - design team of the finished parts.In fact, one tube inside the other is performing the function of containment.The space between the two pipes is filled with heat-resistant insulating material.For the manufacture of the outer tube is used galvanized steel or stainless steel.These chimneys are very popular because they can be easily collected by the designer type and can be installed even in homes where there are special chimney channels.Even if the output of the roof along the outer wall, it will look tidy.
   
3. Coaxial chimney - for heating equipment with a closed combustion chamber.The design is a tube placed in another tube.Inner channel diverts the exhaust gases, and the outer oxygen supplied to the boiler for combustion.Because of this relatively high cost efficiency coaxial flues.

glass chimneys

hard to believe, but even the chimney can be made of glass.It is clear that such an exotic product is unlikely to get at home.Nonetheless glass factory chimneys are most effective than all of the above analogs.They have appeared relatively recently, but immediately demonstrated their exceptional quality.Since the glass is not subject to corrosion, it is not terrible condensate.Its easy to clean, if at all, have to do it - smooth glossy surface is almost does not accumulate soot or soot.

Chimney glass is the most safe and reliable, however, it does have its downsides.Chief among them - the exorbitant cost and specific installation that requires professional presence.However, compared to the benefits, the amount spent on the glass chimney, will pay off in a few years.

Wiring

From all written above, we can conclude - to know how to make a chimney for solid fuel boilers, you need an excellent knowledge of the characteristics of the material used, have a clear plan of action and laying a scheme pipe from the boiler to the roof.Make this work himself, but still without the proper skills, almost unreal.It is much easier and safer to buy the finished product in the store and collect it or hire a specialist.

Here are a few tips on how to properly make a chimney for solid fuel boilers:

1. Always mount structural components, moving from bottom to top.
2. If you are using tees, bends, or other similar items, holds them together with metal clips.Make sure that the joints were out of place ceilings.
3. For tees install brackets for support.
   
4. Every 2 m chimney attach it to the wall, making sure that the tube does not bend.
5. Do not let the channel come into contact with any communication, whether it is a gas pipe, electrical wiring, etc.
6. When you output the chimney through the roof or floor, can withstand a distance of 15 cm between pipe insulation and 30 cm - without insulation.