Cellar in the private house : building technology

Many owners of private old-style houses are wondering whether it is possible to build a cellar in the house.This, at first glance, unnecessary placement actually solves many problems.For example, where you will store the harvest of potatoes and other vegetables?And where to put harvested for winter stocks jam, salads, pickles and tomatoes?Just for this purpose and is necessary in a private house cellar.

in the 60s of the last century it was decided to build a detached dwelling from the cellar.If it was built in compliance with all the rules, the problems in the operation did not occur.After decades of use, in which the potato cellar was the worst kept, just a month after laying began to appear shoots and rot.Spoiled banks with occlusion had to send in the trash every week.If a single cellar can not cope with their tasks, and perhaps in your private home he does not, then there is a need for devices in the home cellar.

How to make a cellar under the house?From where to begin, how deep can be placed underground, and in what part of the house it is best to do the room?The question is very much our job - to build a cellar in a private house by all the rules.Construction of sub-floor can be entrusted to professionals, but the real master to do the task yourself.The most important thing - a desire, a little bit of patience and skill.

What are the advantages of sub-floor in a private house

As mentioned earlier, in the last century were popular freestanding cellar.Operation of the basement was very convenient.At any time you can go down the basement stairs and put / take the harvest.

now to build a cellar, you need a lot of effort.For example, first you need to properly insulate the store, to pay special attention to the insulation of the ceiling.Even with modern construction materials, there is no guarantee that a stable temperature to be maintained at an outdoor cellar.Another thing - a cellar in a private home - all year round indoor retained optimum temperature for storage of blockage and vegetables.

Cellar in a private home.Photo:

Basement in a private home - it's a small room, where the floor level will be less than the height of the walls at 1/2 and below ground level.If the depth of the subfloor is less than half the height of the walls, then it is called a ground floor room.

consider the main advantages and disadvantages of basements in homes.

What are the advantages:

• cellar - a useful additional area in a private home.The room can be stored conservation, food, vegetables, fruits or any other thing;
• of the basement can be a workshop, a garage, a separate place for storing vegetables, cheese and aging of wine, you can also do the laundry, gym, swimming pool and even a sauna;
• if you have a small house, and the area of ​​territory is not enough to build a separate barn with a cellar, it is possible to manage a basement, pitched at a private house;
• in the presence of a basement, a floor in your home will always be warm and dry;
• we ourselves create a comfortable environment for living in the house - in the cold season does not need to go out to the barn and get down to the basement for the preservation or vegetables.

What are the disadvantages of the basement in the house:

• only drawback is the construction of the basement in a private house - is the high cost of materials.Build a cellar under the house can afford not to everyone, because if you calculate the cost, the cost of construction would be approximately 25% of the total construction of a residential home.After all, you first need to perform the most difficult part of the job - to clean the land, then build and make waterproofing internal basement finishing.

How to make a cellar in a private house

Before the construction of the cellar under the house to determine the place.It is important to not only the convenience of the technical facilities, but also the factors that may affect its functionality.During the construction of the cellar in a private house with his own hands, it is important to take into account the depth of the groundwater.

How to make a dry cellar in the house:

1. necessary to take into account the type of soil.If your home is located in the bedrock, then dig a cellar would be problematic, because the room is not possible under the "drive" heavy machinery.
2. height of groundwater - if it changes several times a year (the maximum level is reached in the winter), then the required laying a reliable foundation (waterproof layer), which does not always meet expectations.Over time, if the ground water will rise high, it may flood the basement.To avoid this possible, if you raise the bottom of the cellar at 50 cm above the top mark.

Groundwater

How can you determine the level of groundwater?Predict this natural process is not possible, the only thing we can do - ask the neighbors if they have a borehole or well, what is the depth of the groundwater.You can go the other way and carry out test drilling, or do so when the street was established dry weather, cover a small portion of the soil, which is adjacent to your home, wrap.The next day, you can get the answer to your question - if the plastic film remains dry, you can proceed to the construction of the basement, and if there is condensate - in the immediate proximity there are groundwater.

When the optimum place for everything cellar is selected, you can start to work.Take care in advance about where you move the excess soil.The problem is solved if you are building a house at the same time and lay the cellar.At this point, easier to make and ventilation.Another question, what if, in a building already has a basement and walls.Then you need to manually dig a pit, and the entire surface of the soil delivered to small parties.This process is time-consuming, so you will be required skill and patience.

Tools to perform this part of the work:

• shovel;
• pick;
• land for container (bucket and wheelbarrow).

When you're engaged in the device of the pit, teach, which is not desirable to dig a hole near the wall of an apartment house, because then you can loosen the soil under the building structure and can be deformed.

If your home is built on a pile ground, the danger can not be, since the entire burden falls on the lower base coat to which manually with a shovel is not possible to get close.

depth of excavation for arranging the cellar should be 2.5 m, taking into account the level of the floor in the living room.In addition, taking into account the thickness of the spreading layer, plus screed - the height of the room in the end will be equal to 2 m This is quite enough for comfortable operation of the cellar..

If groundwater lie low, it is possible to dig a drainage well, which will be supplied water and condensate during precipitation (rain, snow).The depth of the well - 1 m, diameter - 50 cm If the water level is stable and high, there is a need in the arrangement of the pit -. it is a small reservoir with sealed walls to collect water, which from time to time need to be pumped using a drain pump.

Site Selection

important in the construction of the cellar to determine the place of its location.It is impossible to cellar belonged to the foundation, as will occur when the temperature drops, and thus not be able to ensure the preservation of stocks.

It is advisable to place the cellar is not a heated room.If you select a location for the cellar beneath the hall or veranda, you can provide a natural atmosphere in the store.

Many owners of private houses believe that if deepen the cellar, you can count on a stable temperature in the room.This is true, but why spend the extra power and the tools to make a deep cellar, because you can use a high-quality insulating materials.

Why do you need ventilation in the cellar

preserve not only the basement, but all communication in the house - it is correctly executed ventilation.If the room is good air circulation, it is possible to avoid the appearance of mold and mildew, and most importantly - get rid of excess moisture, which over the years, gradually destroys the house construction.Regardless of the material (even the most expensive and modern), oxygen and moisture are detrimental to the structure.

In the basement there is always a little bit of oxygen, plus high humidity.It turns out that in the cellar contains a higher percentage of methane, which means that the probability of fire or even explosion.It is understood that such space be in is dangerous.How to make a cellar under the house to avoid this problem?

Since the optimum temperature is properly equipped cellar + 5-7oS and the humidity ranges from 60-70%, this will be enough to ensure the safety and preservation of vegetables.To get closer to these indicators, the ideal cellar must be equipped with a ventilation system.It will not allow the temperature to drop during the cold season.

Best of all - it is equipped with a natural ventilation of the cellar.Its working principle is very simple - the warm air must rise and descend cold.To do this without large investments is realistic - you need to build a natural ventilation system.To make a reality of this problem, take 2 or galvanized steel pipe can be used polivinihloridnye or asbestos cement pipes.The supply pipe set in the corner of the cellar - at a height of 50 cm from the floor, the exhaust - on the opposite side of the room at the top of the cellar, just under the ceiling.It must be half a meter higher than the horse, as a result, we obtain the pressure difference, and in the cellar - natural air circulation.The pipe section, and the temperature difference and air circulation will depend on the final result.

usually adequate ventilation installed during the construction of the house and any problems with the installation of the pipe is observed.If you make a cellar in a house, then you need to pre-prepare the land, drill a hole in the base to install the chimney.It can be sent along the wall and attach the brackets to the house or collars.On the opposite side of the cellar also dig the foundation site and install the supply air pipe.The spacing between the pipes should be sealed, and on top of the air supply pipe to put a fine mesh to rodents and debris do not get inside the room.

gender Construction and walls in the cellar

After you have prepared a place for everything and thought cellar ventilation, it is time to perform the insulation of a house.To do this, you need to flatten the bottom of the cellar, and fill fine gravel (thickness 15 cm).If you do well, it is necessary to enclose the wooden beam to the inside did not get a concrete solution.

pour gravel on previously prepared molten bitumen, so we can provide a barrier to water - even at low water table and flood during long showers, the water in the cellar may appear.

good option - fill the floor layer of gravel and sand, and lay on top of dense polyethylene, which also serves as a waterproofing material.

Next on the film mount metal mesh.It should not be based on the screed, so are building support (3 cm high).After this part of the work, you can pour the concrete floor in the cellar.As a solution for making better use of concrete cement brand M200, and the solution may be prepared independently of a mixture of sand and cement.The proportions: 1 part cement M400 and 3 parts sand (fine gravel can be replaced).

perform finishing cellar walls in the wooden house.The walls in the cellar can be deduced from reinforced concrete or brick.By the way, instead of bricks, you can use concrete blocks.

How to finish the walls of monolithic reinforced concrete:

1. to construct the inner formwork of any available material.Suitable OSB, plywood or boards.
2. wall lined with waterproofing material (roofing felt or thick polyethylene).
3. Putting a frame made of wire-reinforced.
4. method as described above to prepare a solution and proceed to fill the carcass layers.After every 25 cm make shtykovanie.
5. Remove the formwork can be 5 days, but the final strength of the concrete attains a month.
6. If you are working in hot weather, it is important to prevent the cracking of the concrete for the walls of this from time to time need to moisten with water from a spray bottle.

Walling brick

for masonry can use concrete blocks or brick red (not hollow).Such material retains heat well and does not let moisture.

If your home is built on a dry soil, the masonry walls in the cellar can be done in a half-brick, if there lie the ground water, in 1 brick.

cellar Finish

walls in the basement must be treated with a mixture of primer and plaster.Instead of the primer may be impregnated them with slaked lime to protect the cellar against the spread of the fungus.

undesirable to sheathe the walls of the cellar wood products (linings, etc..), To prevent the accumulation of condensate formed between the panels and the wall.To equip

cellar inside can be different.If you plan to store vegetables and conservation, then it is necessary to establish a sufficient number of shelves for storage jars.Shelves better to construct the metal, as over time the tree begins to rot.

for storage of vegetables (cabbage, potatoes, onions, carrots), make wooden boxes.They can be installed closer to the inlet.

How to build a ladder to the cellar

Since we are built the cellar in a private house, then you can get to it directly through the door or make a full ladder.

If you want to comfortably visit the store, the ladder can be installed ready-wood (that actually facilitates the process several times), or to build a flight of stairs.Steps (width 35 cm, depth - 15 cm) from the best cast concrete, wood used for this purpose is undesirable.

flight of stairs with a slope of 60 ° horizontally should rest on the outer wall, on the other hand - on the pier.

To cope with the work on the construction of a cellar in the house, we suggest to familiarize with video: