Building the foundation on swampy ground

Hello everyone, today we will examine the construction of the foundation in the swamp with his hands.

Marshland and peat bogs - one of the most difficult types of soil for construction of houses.Waterlogged soils supersaturated with moisture, in addition, because of the presence of fine particles, they tend to form unstable floaters.In winter, the swampy soils susceptible to frost heave, and in the spring, with the rise of groundwater levels, erosion.Hard soil layer in this case may lie at a considerable depth, which makes it impossible to use pile technology.

foundation to build on a swamp is difficult, but possible.For wetlands suitable so-called floating foundation - a monolithic slab.Due to their solid construction of the foundation is no partial shift parts of the house, which eliminates the distortions and the destruction of the walls.When the horizontal shifting of the ground slab foundation "floats" along with it, maintaining the integrity of the structure.To reduce the effects of closely spaced groundwater foundation arrange on the mound of rubble.

technology of erection of the foundation slab on the mound

1. cleared and leveled ground under the structure.Bury it should not be because of the risk of flooding.The pad is filled with rubble close to the height of 1 meter.Instead of gravel can be partly used construction debris.Bedding should thicken and mature naturally, usually it takes a long time, at least one year.You can compact the gravel mechanically rolled his heavy equipment.
   

   Preparation of the site for building

2. gravel surface is leveled and perform concrete preparation.Do removable shuttering of boards slightly larger foundation size and fill it with a thin layer of concrete, concrete is leveled and left to pour a few days.After that, put on a concrete slab insulation training "Penoplex" or penopolistiprol thickness of 5-10 cm. Slabs laid geotextile layer, fastening his band with the help of hot air welding, overlap in this case must be at least 10 cm. Geotextile is a preparation for waterproofing andIt protects it from damage caused by the destruction of concrete preparation.
   

   process of laying insulation boards

3. roll waterproofing is made of a polymer film membrane diffusion.Their high waterproofing properties, not only protects against the penetration of the foundation soil and capillary water, but also due to a vapor-permeable structure allows remove moisture from the very foundation.The film rolled on a prepared site, starting from its edge.At the same time care must be taken to not formed folds and warps.film strip fastened by welding.To do this, use a hair dryer or building a special welding machine roll polymer waterproofing.Welding is carried out in two parallel seam, leaving an air pocket between them - it is necessary to verify the integrity of the weld.The ends of the pocket brew.Check is performed as follows: pierce the film in place of the air pocket and insert the needle back from the compressor hose.Inflate the seam air and waiting for about 20 minutes.The joints must withstand this time without blowing.
4. top of the roll of waterproofing again laid geotextile, welding its seams.Geotextile cover thick polyethylene film, a film glued joints on double-sided tape.This multi-layer coating provide a sliding plate at the base of the foundation and will protect the concrete from moisture and mechanical stress point.Perform formwork.It can be made from both boards and insulating boards of tamperproof.On the outside of the casing is required to put braces from the bar or board, to avoid plate deformation.When affixing a removable formwork must use nails or screws, thus positioning them so that the protruding parts were sent out.On formwork is necessary to note the level of the concrete pouring.
   

   process of laying the foundation waterproofing roll

5. Fittings for slab foundation in the swamp to be rugged.You should always use the grooved bars - it provides strong adhesion of the solution with reinforcing mesh.The diameter of the rebar - 12-16 mm, the calculation of the amount of reinforcement can be carried out according to the procedure.Rebar cut the size of the foundation and laid it on the plastic guide in the form of a grid with 15 cm increments. Mating fittings produced with a hook and a special wire, and, given the large amount of work, it is better to buy a semi-hook.
   

   process of laying the foundation slab reinforcement for the swamp

6. pouring concrete should be performed at a time to avoid seams - in places of joints often arise foundation deformation.Therefore it is better not to save at this stage, and concrete ready to order.casting is produced using a special technique.Filled in concrete formwork "punch" vibrators - remove air bubbles, which can then create a shell and weaknesses.After vibrators further processed concrete screed - it will help to make it perfectly flat surface.
   

   Fill concrete foundation is better to make 1 time

7. Concrete Curing lasts at least 28 days - that is how much time the concrete is gaining strength and matures.For uniform drying of the surface of its foundation is recommended to cover the film or cover material.Determine the readiness of the foundation, you can use polyethylene film: to leave a part of the foundation for the film for a few hours and check for the absence of condensation.If no drops - moisture evaporated from the foundation, and it is ready for further work.
8. After maturing concrete foundation must be protected from the top and sides from moisture, freezing after concrete is more likely when it is moistened.For these purposes, use surface waterproofing.Since the foundation of the surface plays the role of a floor of the first floor, mastic for surface waterproofing is better to choose a polymer-based - it has a less pungent odor.Before applying waterproofing concrete surface is cleaned from dust, shells sealed, removed from the chamfer sharp angles and treated with a primer that improves adhesion of one or two layers.After soaking mastic primer is applied with a wide brush or roller, the number of layers - from one to three.The lateral surface of the basement and insulated slabs of extruded polystyrene or Penoplex, fixing them on a special adhesive.This measure not only saves the foundation from frost, but also serves as a mechanical protection of the waterproofing layer.
   

   process of insulation and waterproofing of the foundation

«floating" foundation in the swamp area is suitable for any depth of the unstable layer, but its implementation requires considerable financial costs.If the depth of waterlogging does not exceed two meters, and is located below the marshes sustained the ground, and this is confirmed by geodetic surveys, it is possible to build a foundation on drilling piles by analogy with the foundation on the floaters.Piles at the same time deepened below the freezing depth and unstable marshy ground and firmly fixed in the solid layer.To reduce their horizontal motions over the piles perform screed - grillage.