The cellar under the house with his own hands

to store root crops potato them in a holiday cottage or often use a cellar under the house.Construction of the cellar in the basement has a number of advantages: for vegetables do not need to go anywhere, they are always at hand, moreover, does not require heat-insulated walls and ceiling unit, as the temperature in the basement of the house heated almost always above zero.Among the shortcomings should be noted the increase of humidity in the basement, however, with the lack of an easy fight, friendly exhaust and forced ventilation.

Build a cellar under the house with his own hands is possible both at the stage of laying the foundation, and after the construction of the house.In the first case, the problem is greatly simplified by the fact that provide full access to the basement for the excavation.In the case of the cellar built in the finished house with ceilings and floors roofed task is complicated by the fact that you have to manually excavate the soil and make the room.

Determination of the groundwater level and depth of the cellar

One cellar arrangement requirements in the cellar at home is its penetration in the 1.5-1.8 meters, otherwise the temperature in the cellar will rise above + 8 ° C, and vegetables are stored poorly.In order to bury the cellar, you must determine the level of groundwater at the site.If the construction of the cellar is conducted simultaneously with the construction of the foundation of the house, this task is made easier - before construction is usually performed geodetic survey site.If the cellar decided to perform in the long-built house, you need to determine the maximum level of groundwater alone.

There are several ways to find out:

• well drilled to a depth of not less than 2.5 meters, leaving it for a few days to observe whether there will be water;
• find out the level of water in nearby wells.

Check groundwater level must be active during the snowmelt and flood or during the autumn rains.That's when he will be maximized and its definition can reliably ascertain whether the water rises to the desired height.

At the level of the groundwater within 1 meter of the surface of the floor of the house cellars devices in the home will have to give up and build a remote cellar elsewhere.If he hesitates at the level of 1-1.5 meters, you can try to reduce it, arranging drainage around the perimeter of the house more deeply the expected level of the cellar floor.This cellar wall will need to seal the quality and arrange them around the clay pilot controlled check valve.Ideally

cellar depth should be 1.9-2.2 m, it is at a depth therein will be convenient, but the temperature is established at + 5 ° C which is optimal for storing vegetables.

cellars device technology and construction

Start with determining the required size of the cellar - they must satisfy all requirements for storage of vegetables and cans of conservation.Typically, the size of the cellar is at least 5 m2 - with such dimensions and enough space for containers with root crops, and under shelving banks.The size of the excavation should exceed the size of the hole at least 0.6 meters on each side, of which 25-30 cm occupy wall of reinforced concrete, while the remaining space is necessary for waterproofing and clay castle.

1. pit digging using special equipment when building a house, or manually, if equip the cellar after its construction.If the soil crumbles, it is necessary at least to arrange burial pit retaining walls.
   

   process of digging a pit under the cellar

2. bottom of the pit is necessary to bury below the expected level of 20-30 cm, to level and fill it with gravel.Rubble seal, then poured on the bottom of the pit with concrete reinforcement preparation.Valves can be both from the bar and from the wire mesh, it must extend beyond the inner area of ​​the cellar floor to the walls at the device to form a strong bond floor and walls.Concrete dried for 2-3 days, then you can proceed to the construction of the cellar walls.
3. walls perform better moisture proof of reinforced concrete - concrete moisture gets into it by adding special formulations for penetrating waterproofing.To fill the walls carry the formwork of boards, fastened together with nails with the help of sticks, ties and braces.Boards planed to take better - it will facilitate the removal of the formwork.formwork width - 30 cm, so the reinforcement cage device should be carried out as far as its construction.Rebar diameter 8-12 mm placed along the walls of the cellar to 2 bar, combining them with reinforcement in the corners adjacent wall.Bars at the crossing locations associated soft wire, the lower tier, furthermore, is connected to the armature, projecting from the cellar floor.At 1.5-2 meter height walls must be 3-4 rebar tier.Vertical links are provided to the garter rods stuck in the corners of the formwork.The height of the formwork should be up to the level of sub-floor.It is necessary to provide for penetration for pipes and exhaust ventilation around the opposite wall cellar.
   

   Create formwork

4. Produce pouring concrete.Concrete for this purpose is better to order ready, as it will require quite a lot.After pouring the concrete must be provibrirovat vibrators or simply pierce a metal rod, a segment of the pipe or wooden pole - it will help remove the air from the concrete column.Drying Concrete lasts for about a week, and three weeks is necessary to set them to full industrial strength.
5. After drying concrete formwork can be removed and proceed to external waterproofing.Waterproofing is carried out using bitumen mastic.When applying it to the outer side walls of the roller cellars in three or four layers.After applying the last layer of paste over the outer walls of the cellar with roofing material on mastic, dried and do the backfill soil or clay castle.The need to implement a clay castle depends on the level of ground water if flooding is possible - it should always be done.For this purpose, the clay is mixed with coarse sand and water to form a plastic mass similar in consistency to clay.A solution of clay layers are placed in a pit and tightly ram.
   

   Classical cellar under the house resettlement scheme

6. internal waterproofing cellars must be performed for both floor and wall.For the floor the most reliable option - pouring hot bitumen with the subsequent pasting it with roofing material.Roofing felt when it is necessary to bend a height of floor screed.Walls can be waterproofed with mastic or polymer-based solutions with the help of penetrating waterproofing - they are vapor-permeable, so the moisture released by root crops, will be given to the external concrete column.Floor made of concrete with a slope of 1-2 degrees in the direction of the technical pit - it will provide the cellar dry even during wet season.
7. Interior trim includes cellar stairs execution, hatch cover, as well as devices and exhaust plenum insulation.The staircase is made of wood impregnated with an antiseptic, angle while trying to do so, it was convenient to go down on her.The width of the steps - about 20 cm manhole cover -. This is the entrance to the cellar, it must fully recline to avoid injury when lowering it inadvertent.Ventilation pipes are inserted into pre-defined penetration and sealed with foam or sealant.In this exhaust ventilation should be placed in the ceiling in a humid place cellars, where made a pit and pipe ventilation is better to drop almost to the floor against the opposite wall.Pipes output to the street.Pro cellar ventilation, see our website.
   

   process ventilation cellar

If cellar can not be performed in the home, you can arrange it in the garage or bring in a detached building, standing on the mound.So it is possible to solve the problem cellar unit in an area with a high water table.