Build Daily

Foundation

August 12, 2017 18:06

Construction of the foundation on the sand with his hands

click fraud protection

To determine which foundation is suitable for sandy soil, you must carefully examine the soil itself.Sand, as you know, may have a different particle size from large, to the millimeter, to a very small, more like dust.

grained sand - the perfect base for any type of foundation, it is great for water, hardly susceptible to frost heave resistant to seasonal shifting of.Sand with fine particle size is in the form of dry dust, while moisture is water, as the major, and absorbs and retains it.Formed dirt that during freezing due to the high water content is greatly increased in size.Therefore, fine-grained silty sand is very susceptible to frost heave, and the calculation of the foundation you need to take this into account.

Construction of the foundation on the sandy ground

foundation built on sandy soil

second factor complicating the construction of fine-grained sands and sandy loams, it is their tendency to form quicksand in areas with close proximity of groundwater.Before the construction should be ordered from specialized firms in this study surveying the ground, otherwise the cost to correct the error may exceed the cost of the foundation itself.

foundations on coarse sand

tape and columnar foundations on coarse sand with groundwater level deeper than 2 meters is usually not difficult.

should be leveled and the area to clear it of debris and remove the top layer of fertile soil.You can then build on coarse sand melkozaglublenny strip foundations made of reinforced concrete or concrete blocks for the brick buildings or buildings with a ground etazhom.Esli building without a basement, light and small - wooden house, sauna, frame structure - enough to put a pier foundation of the blocks or bricks.

technology of erection of pier foundation:

  1. After clearing the site produces its markup.Mark up the site using pegs and string, pulling it along the perimeter walls of the building.The pillars of the foundation set in the corners of the building, at the intersection of load-bearing walls, with a significant length of the building set additional poles along the outer walls.

    site marking process using pegs and string

    markup process platform using pegs and string

  2. pier foundation is made of concrete blocks or bricks.Deepen the trench under the foundation pillars of 30-40 cm from the rubble podsypku operate to exclude capillary suction of moisture from the soil.On the gravel is laid roll waterproofing: roofing material, polymeric films.
  3. Laying the foundation pillars to produce ligation rows, number of blocks or bricks in a row depends on the size of the pillars and wall thickness.laying methods are shown below.

    Methods of laying the foundation pillars

    Methods tab of the foundation pillars

  4. After laying the foundation pillars waterproofing using asphalt or polymer mastic, is laid on top of them roll waterproofing layer, after which you can proceed to the construction of the walls.

    The process of tying the bottom of the foundation

    process sill foundation

foundation on the fine silty sand

The fine silty sands are difficult to build soils, especially if they are built in wet areas with closely spaced groundwater.Before the start of construction on the ground that it is necessary to carry out geodetic site investigation, as well as calculate the shallow foundation.

During the construction of strip foundation at melkozaglublennogo silty sands and sandy loams necessary to take measures that reduce the burden on the forces of frost heaving ground.Frost heaving forces act on the foundation from the bottom, putting pressure on the soles, and tangentially to its walls.To reduce the effects of buoyancy forces necessary to increase the foot of the basement area, that is, to fulfill his or trapezoidal extension downward.To eliminate the strain from the impact of the load using the tangent roll waterproofing basement walls - rolled materials prevent adhesion of frozen soil on the foundation, provides its slide.In addition, a good measure to combat frost heave is the insulation of the foundation.

If the geodetic studies will identify closely spaced weak soils, such as quicksand, the strip foundation piles must be strengthened, deepened to a stable ground and to resist the forces of the foundation of the pusher at the bottom of the piles to make the extension.

technology performance pile-on strip foundation of fine-grained sands:

  1. Site preparation involves clearing, removal of topsoil, layout and preparation of the pit.Pit on the sandy soil often crumbles, so it is permissible to dig a pit wall slope of 45 degrees, and erect formwork throughout its height.Formwork is made of planks or boards, strengthen ties and braces.The corners at the intersections of the foundation tape and every 2 meters wall is drilled at a depth of piles of stable soils.

    The process of drilling holes for pouring

    process of drilling wells by pouring

  2. In case of quicksand piles must be performed with the use of asbestos cement pipes.Pipes are inserted into the well and level by level, fixed spacers.The height of the pipes should be such as to be exposed over the bottom of the trench.If the ground is not too wet, and possibly perform well without filling it with water, pile can be made of concrete with reinforcement.

    The process of reinforcing the foundation

    process of reinforcing the foundation

  3. Produce pouring piles.Filled with concrete pipe 1/3, slightly raise it in the hole, allowing the concrete to fill the bottom of the well.Due to this, at the bottom of the pile formed by thickening.Line a tube inserted into the prepared reinforcement and allow to harden concrete.Reinforcement for piles is a three or four rods, connected by a wire or cross members.The height of the valve should allow to connect it with horizontal reinforcing belts foundation tape.After installing the valve tube is filled with concrete up to the upper level.

    Interior view of the well after pouring concrete

    Interior view of the well after pouring concrete

  4. bottom of the trench is filled with coarse sand or fine gravel and roll dim layer of waterproofing.Fittings for pile-tape base made of corrugated rods in two horizontal belt located above and below the belt.Viscous horizontal reinforcing belts with vertical wire produce.Fastened by welding them undesirable as corrosive volatile portions are formed in places of welds.

    Create a formwork before casting

    Create a formwork before pouring

  5. pouring concrete must be carried out either simultaneously or in layers.Vertical joints on the tape should not be, they reduce the load-bearing capacity.Concrete after pouring leveled, covered with a film of rain and left for three to four weeks for concrete maturation.
  6. After drying foundation necessary to perform vertical waterproofing the basement using roll materials - this will prevent the foundation from the tangential loads.In wet soil drainage is required to perform, and in regions with severe winters - insulation of the foundation with board materials, or polyurethane.Produce backfill, and then perform the blind area.

If on a site with sandy fine-grained found quicksand, located at the level of groundwater, can be used as the foundation of the construction technology on quicksand using a metal screw piles.

instagram viewer

Categories

Latest Blog Post