How to make an opening in the bearing wall and amplify it - step by step instructions

With such a problem we encounter quite often.Some are not satisfied with the typical layout of a city apartment, while others changed marital status, and the third wanted to turn the apartment into the cabin - reasons enough to think about the "reformatting" of their homes.But when it comes to openings in load-bearing structures, there are certain, and rather big difficulty.

For owners of private buildings, perhaps it is not so important, because they are the owners, not all plans are required to negotiate with someone, let alone ask permission.If we are talking about the inhabitants of "high-rise", they should first carefully examine the question of the legality (or illegality) of the opening in the bearing wall construction - where and from whom to clarify how to reconcile and what responsibility stipulated for violation of legislation in this area?This information is detailed in this article.

We consider the purely technical side of the problem - a methodology "Cutting through" the opening in the bearing wall.First, however, should still be noted as recommendations and a number of specific points.

What

1. consider whether redevelopment neighbors do in adjacent apartments on the standpipe (above and below)?The best option, if all the openings will coincide in location.
2. Capital wall a different perception of the load.With a decrease in the number of storeys apartments is increasing.Therefore, for the first two or three opening equip if allowed, with the width restriction.This option requires a precise calculation.If we are talking about 70 - 90 cm, it is not a problem.And if you want more dimensional "window"?Here, without the advice of a professional is better to do nothing.
3. Not possible to make each bearing wall opening (it increasingly regards prefabricated buildings).It all depends on its specificity, therefore, as a rule, have to think about strengthening the structure.
4. At what distance from the exterior wall is supposed to equip it?If not previously done the calculations, not the fact that it does not "lead".But there is a mandatory minimum - 1 m

Thus, we consider in detail the whole sequence of actions:.

Cleaning

surface Cleaned everything - paint, wallpaper, plaster layer.The surface is trimmed to the base.

marking the opening

The "rascherchivat" circuit, it makes no sense to explain - as you prefer.Thereafter, at the corners, and at certain intervals on straight sections drilled holes (through).These "marks" on the other side also made the markup.This is especially important for thick walls as "Box" will be carried out gradually, and there and there.Otherwise, the accuracy of "sinking" will be quite difficult to achieve.

Construction opening

First of all, you need to know that the use of powerful percussion instruments (eg a jackhammer) often contributes to the appearance of cracks, which "run away" in different directions, thereby reducing the strength of the assembly.In some cases, depending on the characteristics of the walls, and experts have warned of the use of the gun.

In this regard, the best option for any of the base material - cutting tool ( "Bulgarian").It does not create any dangerous vibrations or cracks.Naturally, the disc must be diamond-coated.

1. installation of temporary supports.They are necessary in order to relieve the wall and prevent overlapping of possible collapse.Generally, it is easiest to make them from the logs, which are installed in the area of ​​operations.The specifics of this operation depends on local conditions (number of floors, the structure of loading, its deterioration and so on), so in some cases you can do without this step.

1. Before you proceed directly to the cutting of the wall need to be concerned about maintaining the integrity of the floor covering.Dust and debris will be enough, this is understandable.But often fall to the floor and a pretty massive pieces.What it cover?Plywood boards, thick rubberized fabric - enough options.

1. Use the "grinder" markings on both sides is deepening.This - the contour of the opening.

1. Next, it is advisable to divide it into sectors that will greatly facilitate the process of excavation material, especially in the case of brickwork.

Strengthening

For brickwork, you can do one channel bar with a jumper, which is mounted horizontally on top of the opening.On both sides of its developing are niches in which metal and lay (about 30 cm each).Consequently, the length of the blank must be greater than the width of the "window" of about 0.6 m. However, if the wall is thick (more than half a brick), it would take two blanks, and with the other hand.Previously prepared

openings therein mounted pin (threaded, at least 3 pieces), after which the whole structure is pulled together with nuts (2 pcs.) And the solution is strengthened.There are other options - they fill the channel, and then "planted" in the cutting grooves;previously laid concrete mass, whereupon the workpiece "push".All these details are determined depending on the conditions at the place of work.

Since the metal have to drill, you need to think - what?If possible, it is better to do in advance of the machine, after outlining the terms.Perfect step drill.

But in the case of panel buildings have to install additional uprights.Design will turn U-shaped.Consequently, the need and the welding machine.How do you secure a framework - a solution, additional fastening anchors in the opening end - solved individually.

if necessary in a massive opening should be left to support to support the floors.They are easy to "convert" a string and properly arrange.

Useful tips

• Before making the layout, you must specify the routing of e / wiring in the wall.If the house does not own buildings, it is advisable to carry out the proper diagnosis base.
• The article considers only those aspects that relate to the issue of "their own".In some cases require expert services.For example, to install the "holder" of overlap with the gain by injecting.Special solution, which is introduced at the site, after curing provides the additional strength of the assembly.The cost to have a conversation does not make sense, since it is determined individually and is negotiable.And it looks like this design ( "before" and "after»):

Before

After

methodology of work is a recommendation.The article describes the "nodal" points, and the technology itself is selected depending on the specifics of the walls and a number of other conditions.