Warming of the floor on the balcony

If the apartment has a balcony, it is probably unwise to not take advantage represents an opportunity to expand the number of the usable area of ​​housing.With the right approach to business, where you can build a small workshop, in part to make in the kitchen is a room or even alter a balcony in a small office or a place of rest.Warming of the floor on the balcony - is one of the most important stages of its transformation into the living room.

This is all the more important that the process of warming and the concomitant conversion - not so complicated, so it is quite possible to carry out on its own.However, it will be useless without the preparatory activities.And the first thing to do before start warming - is to strengthen or re-fold the outer wall and set the frame.

Preparations

• Post needa revision floor balcony - may require certain action to strengthen it.

Much of this depends, of course, from the balcony of the structure itself.If he does not have the lower leg, then perhaps it makes sense to strengthen the plate bracket-props.However, this process is not always possible - have to agree with the neighbors, who live in an apartment located at the bottom.And some additional structure on its own territory very few people will be pleased.

Sometimes on top of the concrete slab is arranged an additional metal frame, which securely fastened to the wall of the house.In this case, the concrete floor slab is removed a significant portion of the load.

If the balcony floor slab rests on both sides of the concrete pillars (walls), the future should be no problems.

• important point is that the material from which made the outer wall of the balcony.If it is only the metal lattice , sheathed by a thin sheet material, it is likely, have put a wall of light foam.We must not forget that this is possible only if the floor slab rests on the concrete vertical walls on both sides.In any case, such work carried out without the consent of the architectural services should not be - the safety margin from the balcony may simply not be enough.

If the external bulkhead concrete, it strengthened its , of course, is not necessary.

• Any further work will be meaningless on warming the balcony, if this room will not be glazed.So, the next step is to install balcony frames. What they - the usual wooden or modern metal and plastic with glass - it's up to the owner apartments, based on the own preferences and financial capabilities.
• installing the balcony frames, you can proceed to the sealing of gaps and cracks - this process is necessary for the protection of the balcony space from moisture.It is no secret that even the capital at the junction of slabs sometimes observed fairly large gaps - and this is a direct path to the penetration of moisture, soaking insulation material, the appearance of mold and development of further erosion of building materials.

If the gaps between the plates are wide enough, for their termination, you can use a long round rollers of different diameters, made of polyethylene foam.They are pushed into tight gaps, and then the top joint sealed with sealant.

Such insulation rolls are also used in order to save the mounting foam.To seal this way a small amount of foam is applied to the gap, and then immediately placed polyethylene foam roller.When expanding foam tightly "sealed up" all the little cracks and at the same time well scrapie with a sealing material.

the presence of small cracks filled with their usual sealant.Furthermore

sealing gaps at the joints of the balcony, it is necessary to get rid of all the cracks and dents, which may show up on the floor and the bottom wall.

These shortcomings need to be thoroughly cleaned from dust, dirt, small solid fragments, necessarily cover the primer for better adhesion.Then, they are filled with sealant or a special cement adhesive solution.If the narrow gap, they need to expand, using a drill with a hammer or sander with a circle of stone - necessary for a deeper penetration of the repair composition in the slit plate or wall.

After drying repair structures, start priming the entire plate and the lower part of the walls (to a height of 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) of the surface, if the walls are concrete.If the outer wall is composed of foam blocks, it should be primed completely, the entire height.

Waterproofing work

In any case, the next step is to arrange reliable waterproofing the entire floor area of ​​the balcony and on the lower parts of the walls.Some owners , probably in order to save money or time, prefer to do without this preparatory phase.It is necessary to warn them - abandoning the waterproofing measures, they significantly increase the ri sk etc. oniknoveniya moisture under the insulation.It lead to sudden loss of insulating qualities - a balcony will be cool.And besides - is the probability of occurrence of mold and mildew, which can spread to the walls and flooring.It is better not to risk it - waterproofing will not take a lot of time and money!

waterproofing can be carried out in several ways.The options are many, and below will be given the most affordable and simplest of them.

cast waterproofing

Such waterproofing is carried out by a variety of compositions - it can be "water glass», penoepoksid , bitumoperlit and many others.All these compositions are filled by on surface and spread using a squeegee or roller.Application methods cast waterproofing may vary slightly - some compositions are applied in a hot, while others - cold.

cast waterproofing is usually applied in several layers , and its thickness can reach up to 2 ÷ 3 mm.The next layer is applied only after complete drying of the previous one.

Before installation of the waterproofing, floor well dried, mounted on the wall skirting height 200 ÷ 250 mm from a special thin waterproof material or ordinary polyethylene film.

If such waterproofing arranged "hot" method, the composition is heated to the desired temperature, gently puddles on the floor and rather quickly leveled squeegee.Between the layers can be laid reinforcing mesh or glass fabric, then waterproofing will be more robust.

When applying compositions in cold proce ss etc. gadfly in the same way, but the composition is not heated beforehand.In this case, drying of each of the layers will take much longer than the hot method.

surface waterproofing

Obmazochnaya or Paint waterproofing can be carried out by means of bituminous mastics, polymer coatings, "liquid rubber" and other compositions, specially designed for this purpose.A similar process is carried out simply enough, but such isolation perfectly protects concrete surfaces from moisture.

compositions are applied to necessarily degreased and primed surface with a brush or brush .After complete solidification they form a concrete slab on a dense film .

This type of waterproofing can also be applied in the hot and cold:

- cold applied "liquid rubber", made on the basis of synthetic rubber , as well as waterproofing epoxy;

- polymer-bitumen and bituminous compositions are applied hot.

surface is always covered by these compounds is not less than two layers.

Such waterproofing is fully consistent with the necessary characteristics to protect the floor.It is important to note that the coating of pure bitumen will last only five ÷ seven years, as it does not tolerate low temperatures and be sure to crack.So better to choose for balconies waterproofing on the rubber or polymer-bitumen-based - these compounds sufficiently resilient and will last far longer.

Film waterproofing

This method is the easiest, since the polyethylene film affordable and easy to installation.Choose a dense material and lay on the whole canvas surface of the floor, raising it to the wall above the height of the floor of the future 50 ÷ 100 mm.Fix film on the wall with masking tape.

However, there is one "but» - this material can be used only if the heater or crate will not under it adhere completely through film, ie film under any circumstances, should not be damaged.

While laying on its corners very carefully fold - cut film impossible.

Okleechnaya (roll) waterproofing

Materials okleechnoy waterproofing produced in rolls or sheets.They pasted on the surface of the floor and the walls on height of 150 ÷ ​​200 cm. Such isolation is bitumen or polymer-bitumen-based.Fitted with this option easy, but require heating the adhesive layer with a gas torch or hair dryer building

on the concrete surface pre-applied mastic asphalt layer in 1,5 - 2 mm, which then warms up, and the hot partpasted waterproofing material.

If it is necessary, then fit a few layers of material, which are coated with mastic.In this case, the second layer of fabric at right angles to the first recommended.

After laying the top, the last layer, the edges of the waterproofing material processed putty polymer-based.

Another option waterproofing - web material made according to modern technologies and with a special adhesive strip.

When laying overlapping strips of web material, the back of the paintings previously removed protective film.Cloth adhesive layer applied to the surface and pressed well.

When the foundation is ready, you can begin to work oteplitelnym.

Choosing insulation

very important - from a wide variety of modern materials for insulation to choose correctly the optimal .

One of the main operating parameters of all thermoinsulator a coefficient reflux eploprovodnosti - than this value is less, the better material from the standpoint of keeping warm indoors:

Insulating material	Thermal conductivity (W / m × K °)
Mineral wool	0,045-0,08
Ecowool (cellulose insulation)	0,038-0,046
Fiberglass	0,033-0,06
styrofoam (polystyrene)	0,031-0,040
Keramzit	0.16
Claydite	0.31
Foil polyethylene foam (penofleks)	0,032-0,037

Keramzit

Expanded clay is used for thermal insulation in three different versions:

• Krupnofraktsionny option - for filling between the joists before covering the floorboards or plywood.

• Srednefraktsionny keramzit - for cooking keramsit , which can also be laid between the joists on that later will be fixed boardor plywood sheets.In addition, claydite can after filling and simply align beacons - in this case suitable as a basis for laying ceramic tiles.

• small fraction expanded clay is used most often for bulk floor, which is covered gipsovolokonnyh plates (GVL).

Penofleks

Penofleks - this rolled foamed polyethylene.It is produced as a foil to the surface, and without it .Usually at warming the balcony, this material is used as an auxiliary, fixing it on the wall and the floor on top of the waterproofing.First, it is attached to the double-sided tape and then placed on top of it crate .

foil surface insulation prevents heat escapes into the walls - it is reflected back towards space.

between a web penofleksa held together by a foil tape, which makes the coating a single canvas.

top of this reflective material between lag can be installed any insulation - it can be foam, mineral wool, ecowool or dry concrete block.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool - most common and commonly used insulation, because it has all the necessary qualities for use in the balcony under - low thermal conductivity, ease by weight, ease of installation, and thatmost importantly - ecological purity of the material.

mineral wool mats, cracking during installation, close all the gaps, so they do not need an additional plug the mounting foam.

to the general definition of "mineral wool" includes: glass wool, rock wool and slag wool.They all have excellent thermal insulation and soundproofing qualities. Ca = my handy work is probably the basalt rock wool - it is harmless to the skin of hands.

If desired, the heater can be used in combination with other materials that will give increased effectiveness reflux eploizolyatsii.