Electricity as a dual-rate select

Sooner or later, but always comes a time when you need to think about replacing the device accounting power consumption.The reasons are many - old counter can set and obtain a producer of life, to come into disrepair, cease to meet the requirements of existing or upgradeable home wiring, simply do not fit into the interior of the housing.There yet another reason that impels owners decide to replace this instrument - the differentiated pricing system power consumption.

That is why all the great demand among consumers began to enjoy dual-rate electricity meters how to choose and who will be recommended in this publication.

What system multitariff accounting

known that the consumption of electricity at different times of day varies greatly.Energy conventionally divided into day and night for five successively replacing one another zone:

• night - with a minimum consumption, continuing from 23.00 to 7. 00
• Morning peak - from 7.00 to 9.00.Population mass wakes up, preparing to enter the job includes a huge amount of electrical appliances, begin work shifts in the factories.
• semipeak Day, from 10.00 to 17.00 - the consumption of several aligned for expense reduction "home" load, but remains quite high due to the work of a large number of enterprises and institutions.
• Evening peak - from 17.00 to 21.00. «Rush Hour» in all kinds of electric, return customers home with explainable mass switching of lighting, heating systems or air conditioning, computers, TV sets, all types of household appliances, including - quite energy- - electric cookers, boilers,washing machines and dishwashers.
• semipeak evening, from 21.00 to 23.00, when the total load on the power supply begins to decline gradually due to the end of domestic economic affairs, and the gradual withdrawal of the population to sleep.

On the chart you can clearly approximate level of electricity consumption, built on the basis of statistical data of one of the largest cities in Russia - St. Petersburg.

Such load jumps extremely negative impact on the state of overhead transmission lines and, and, most importantly, to work stations.By and large account , it leads to a waste of energy, accelerated wear of generating and transforming equipment, and even to a certain deterioration of the ecological situation in the region.

to smooth away these differences and minimize the effects of such shocks, a differentiated tariff system consumed electricity has been developed.The main objective of this approach - very motivating people to reduce consumption during peak hours and shift many energy-intensive processes home exactly on time so-called "night-flops» .

This policy is implemented in many regions of Russia, although the established rates may vary substantially by regions and cities.But it is always night rate is much lower than daylight.

For example, in St. Petersburg, from 1 January 2015 was set the following cost for 1kW consumed electricity (in parentheses indicate the cost of a kilowatt for homes, where permanently installed electric stoves and (or) provided electric space heating):

fare type	cost of 1 kW, rub
Overall, in the absence of counters with separate calculation of the consumption time	3,53 (2,47)
Dayfor semi-peak and peak areas using the multi-tariff meters, from 7.00 to 23.00	3,55 (2,49)
Grace night, from 23.00 to 7.00	2,14 (1,50)

differentiated tariffs for electricity for 2015 in St. Petersburg

in some regions, in particular, Moscow and Moscow area, the possibility of even three-tier pricing division semipeak and peak zones:

fare type	cost of 1 kW, rub
Overall, in the absence of counters with separate calculation of the consumption time	4,68 (3,28)
Day, and for semipeakpeak areas when using dual-rate meters, from 7.00 to 23.00	4,91 (3,44)
Day for the peak areas, from 7.00 to 10.00 and from 17.00 to 21.00, using meters with multi-level charging	4,92 (3,45)
Day for semipeak zones, from 10.00 to 17.00 and from 21.00 to 23.00, using meters with multi-level charging	4,08 (2,85)
Grace night, from 23.00to 7.00	1,26 (0,88)

differentiated tariffs for electricity for 2015 in Moscow

Even a cursory glance shows that the cost of "night" and "peak" electricity can sometimes vary by almost fourtimes.And if you sit down with a pencil in his hand and a calculator (computer) to analyze their home consumption, it is possible to achieve very substantial savings.

For example, at night you can move all washing - modern washing machines allow you to program a process with the delayed start.The same can fully apply to dishwashers.If the house is a powerful boiler, the hot water is also better to exercise at night, creating a supply of hot water, which is enough for a day.Modern "smart» kitchen equipment is fully capable to cook owners hot breakfast, finish in in se manipulation to 7 am.It can give a good saving and rational use of heating or air-conditioning equipment, with a view of inherent in them "smart" features.And for quite a large category of people belonging to the "owls" similar billing - general, just find.

In short, the two - or multirate accounting system consumption opens a reservoir of opportunities for real hard cash savings.However, it is first necessary to make material investments - purchase a counter .

Video: What are multirate counters

select Options counter with separate charging

Before choosing the device accounting electricityseparate billing, need, primarily , know exactly how to act if a particular settlement point system of differentiated payment. multirate counter is much more expensive than usual, and therefore, its purchase must be justified.

Moreover, it is required to specify the number of tariff levels - as we have seen in the above the above example, there may be two or more.It is not excluded that this graduation may even larger increase - for example, with separate regard to weekdays and weekends or even at times of the year - such experiments are carried out, and in some places in Europe it is implemented.Some models of modern counters are big enough technology "reserve» - electronic circuit can be programmed to work with them to keep separate accounting to 8 or even 12 different modes.

type counter on the basis of the work

All electricity meters can be divided into two large groups - induction and electronic.

Induction counters familiar to everyone - they still recently stood everywhere .Supply current flowing through the coil device account, creating an electromagnetic field for through which was carried out rotation of the disk associated with mechanical counting device.Each disc turnover corresponded certain number consumed energy.

Electronic counters have a different operating principle.Semiconductor circuit elements convert the current flowing in a certain voltage pulse signal, which is transmitted in countable device.

indication may be provided by an electromechanical method - the same wheels with numbers, as in the induction counter , but with a rotation transmission through electric step, responsive to the pulses developed by the scheme.Another, more modern version - the electronic digital display on the display.

Understandably, multirate counters can be exclusively electronic principle and digital display.Incidentally, this limits their installation site.LCDs require a certain «microclimate" to work correctly, and at low temperatures or direct sunlight may simply cease to display the information, even though the scheme itself will counter with properly counting the consumption.Therefore, if you plan to install a new counter in a private home, you should plan its placement exclusively indoors.

Accuracy counter

This figure shows the permissible error of the instrument, expressed as a percentage.The vast majority of induction counters belonged to the class of «2,5» . Electronic devices in this respect, of course, precisely, and have a "2" classes "1", "0.5" or higher.

Accuracy is always specified in the technical documentation, and on the device itself - the icon is commonly used in the form of numbers, enclosed in a circle.

Of course, the higher the accuracy of the class, the more expensive the unit.And it is important to know one subtlety, not to overpay when buying superfluous.Workers grids may unnecessarily require the acquisition device account with inflated rates - a "1" or "0.5".However, this account has legislation that sets clearly reflux Power Requirements for such devices.The RF Government Decree № 442 of May 4 2012, which regulates the retail electricity markets, it is determined that for private consumers, citizens living in the flats high-rise buildings, private homes installed accuracy class "2" or higher."1" class is only required to input in multi-residential building, or if the total load capacity exceeds 670 kW, which just does not happen in a private dwelling.

There still one nuance.By the same Regulation (Article 142) states that, his replacement will be mandatory only on the expiration term mezhproverochnogo interval, or even if standing in an apartment on the mome nt etc. inyatiya this document counter has a lower accuracy classwhen an instrument failure (or loss).

requirements of electric workers replace counter more precise, class "1" or a previously established deadline , without the desire of the owner of property is unlawful.

single-phase, three-phase, current-

Most of the city apartments and private houses are connected to single-phase mains is 220 V, 50 Hz oriented .Accordingly, the counter must meet these parameters.However, there are connections and a three-phase network 380 V, for example, in the apartments with stationary electric stoves or provided for specific building design of electrical heating systems.This prompt special sockets and plugs on the cables of high-power electrical appliances, different from the usual connection points.

In such cases have to pick up a three-phase meter .In fact, many private developers often create a kind of "power reserve", immediately connecting their homes to the three-phase network - this greatly enhances the use of home appliances and high-power electric tools in the future. Many models of modern three-phase meters may be able to connect to work with single-phase network, which greatly increases their versatility.

For each counter defined in the nominal and maximum load current.As a rule, they are designed for the maximum permissible value to 60 A , which roughly corresponds to the total load of 10 kW - this with a large margin is enough for almost any private property.If calculation shows that the total power consumption of up to 10 kW, it is necessary to acquire counter with a maximum current of 100 A. These devices have a direct connection to the network principle, without additional transducers. If still scheduled to load in excess of 100 A , you will need to also connect counter through a special device - transformer current.

Indicators voltage and rated maximum current and is always specified in the device data sheet and on its front panel.

presence and type of communication interfaces

further prospects of electric systems include the introduction of automated accounting systems consumption, and in some areas on an experimental basis is already a practical embodiment of such developments.Organized communication channels that transmit first to the local station, and then in a single center readings accounting , including for other types of consumption of resources (water, gas).Network - The power line itself (through PLC-modem ), IPili GSM can be used as a feedback channel.

Anyway, no harm will ask the local power supply company on the planned upgrades, to , if necessary, buy counter embedded in it a similar function, to not have to buy another when entering such a system in operation.

Options device accounting

Modern electronic counters, in addition to the separate tariff may have a number other additional options.