Basement garage with his hands

If you have a garage, you certainly at least once but thought about how to equip it a small (or even large) basement.Needless to say, the idea is very good, because this decision increases the usable area on a few square meters.How to use it - it tenth - in the basement you can store the harvest and conservation, do a workshop and a small bar with a pool table and table football ... That sounds just fine, but how to make the basement garage, so he was a strong, dry and long-lasting?This will be discussed in our article.

General requirements

Basement garage everyone can use in different ways, ranging from storage pieces, fruit and vegetables, ending with an underground bar or shop.The bottom line is that the economic benefit of such an event there - you are no significant investments are increasing the usable area of ​​housing.Construction of the basement can be considered as a profitable investment in the future as a garage with a cellar will be evaluated several times more expensive than usual, if you ever decide to sell it or lease.

Of course, it should be understood that such premises equipment - a task very difficult and requires specific knowledge, skills, and financial investments.If you do not stick to technology and know "pitfalls" can be obtained as a result of unserviceable cellar and throw good money after bad.

Thus, during the construction of the basement in the garage should provide the following:

1. Reliable waterproofing - you need to eliminate as much as possible the penetration of groundwater and sediments under the inside of the room.To do this, use a small high-quality waterproofing materials.The first thing to know at what depth the groundwater lie on your site, and to what extent they are able to rise during periods of heavy rain and thaw.Based on the information, we can determine the depth of the basement of the future and to choose the appropriate method of waterproofing.
2. a waterproofing can not do in some cases.It may have to do with the help of drainage drainage system.Compile the project with basement garage can be only after the assessment of the status and characteristics of the ground.
3. quality ventilation system - as in the basement anyway humidity level will be raised, should ensure regular ventilation.Otherwise, condensation will be the walls and ceiling, which will lead to the formation of mold and mildew.Boarding will sooner or later be destroyed, and will seep into the groundwater.This process goes unnoticed and takes a long time, but the consequences are very serious.In addition, food and other things stored in a wet basement with standing air will quickly deteriorate and rot.
4. Warming - if you plan to use the basement garage as a workshop or a bar to relax with friends, it must be warm.The insulation material should be as resistant to moisture, even if you made a good waterproofing.In the case of the workshop it is important to choose a fireproof material.

construction technology

Before proceeding with a shovel and buy building materials, it is necessary to draw a detailed diagram of the basement garage.It must exactly reflect the scaled dimensions of all surfaces, floors, insulation thickness and the number of consumables, from the outer surface of the wall, ending with a decorative finish inside.

should also know beforehand whether you can go deep into the soil in your yard to 3-3.5 m (can you "lucky" and a garage just pass gas or water pipes).If you are building a garage with a basement "from scratch", then give preference to the foundation of the belt type, as in this case the foundation is to replace a part of the walls and the ground floor will serve as the basement ceiling.

If the groundwater in the area are close to the surface and the level of soil moisture increased, the basement garage to build the best from monolithic concrete slab.The construction of lightweight walls rational only in dry soils and nepuchinistyh.In this case, the main building material, you can select the sheets of asbestos cement roofing slate, laying them in 2-4 layers and attached to a wooden crate.Sizing the sheets together best mastic asphalt or a mixture of casein glue with cement grade not lower than the M400.

outline the main phases of work, how to build a basement garage:

1. Make markings on the perimeter of the future cellar, departing from the wall not less than 30 cm, or during construction may occur shrinkage of the garage, and it will lead to cracking and fractureits walls.
2. Dig a pit depth required (2.5-3.5 m).
3. Align the surface of the walls and dirt floor as possible.
4. bottom of the pit paved with roofing material, placing the sheets overlap each other by 15 cm and the walls -. 20 cm to lay a roofing waterproofing gain in 2 layers so that the joints of the second layer does not overlap with joints first.
5. Make a concrete floor screed with reinforcement.
6. basement walls erected of brick, asbestos sheets, concrete or other suitable material in your case.Between the earth wall and the outer surface of the basement walls should be a small space for the subsequent exterior waterproofing.It is performed by a bitumen or other special mastic, causing a mixture of paint roller or spatula on a long handle.If the distance is wide, it can be pasted outside of the basement rolled materials.
7. Since the height and width of the garage does not allow to operate with precast concrete slabs, make the overlap with his own hands from the boards, placing them horizontally, leaving an opening for the entrance.Over boards lay waterproofing roll, set reinforcement cage, formwork and pour concrete.The layer of concrete must be at least 30-40 cm, or such overlap is not able to withstand the weight of the car.
   
8. After drying concrete can begin to internal hydraulic and basement insulation, conduct electricity and make ventilation.

So briefly looks work on arrangement of the basement garage with his hands.We offer a focus on the most important points.

floor in the basement

to the floor in the basement garage will dry and warm as possible, it is necessary to consider this point further during the digging of the pit.Increase the depth of 30-40 cm, to leave room for the drain pads.Align the bottom, pour it 15 cm layer of sand, pour it with water to tightly compacted, and the top make a 15 cm layer of gravel.This "cushion" will not allow groundwater closely approaches the waterproofing and gradually spoil it.In addition, sediment water will quickly go through the gravel and sand deeper, without stopping in the land under the basement and not zabolachivaya it.

After tamping gravel bottom veiled waterproofing roll in several layers or pour all the liquid bitumen.You can then make reinforced concrete screed thickness of 20-30 cm. When it dries, it is desirable to cover the concrete waterproofing primer deep penetration.

permissible to make the floor and in the basement of clay, if the level of groundwater proleganiya allows and you have arranged a reliable waterproofing.In this case, two layers of stacked clay: the first 25 cm, then a layer of roofing felt and then a second layer of clay on top of 40-60 cm thick clay can be wooden flooring..However, variant with reinforced concrete floors is optimal for the basement garage.

walls in the basement

material for the construction of the wall should be selected based on the physical characteristics of the soil.For nepuchinistyh dry soils suitable full-bodied red brick, and in other cases it is better to use a reliable and sturdy concrete.Brick wall after masonry must be covered with plaster of cement mortar.

If you prefer concrete walls, for their construction should first erect sectional formwork made of boards.The height of one section should be between 35 to 40 cm Inside mounted fittings, poured 30 cm layer of concrete, and when it dries -. Rearrange the section above, and then repeat the process until the wall reaches the desired height.Stackable section bonded to a previous using rods and nails.

Tip: When drying concrete or brick masonry walls cover the entire surface of the hydrophobic primer deep penetration to enhance waterproofing.

Basement Waterproofing

Waterproofing basement garage should be given special attention because it affects not only the ease of use facilities, but also its durability.With waterproofing floor we have dealt above.As for the walls, there are some nuances.So, if in the process of digging the pit you find small streams of water in the walls, they immediately seal the oily clay.To this end, in the place of leakage, make an indentation in the 40-50 cm and a hammer in his tight clay.

During excavation work between the wall and the wall of the basement will lapse.Outside basement walls can be pasted or roll waterproofing coat with mastic.The very period would be nice to score the clay.This can not do, if the underground water table is deeper than the level of the basement floor.In wet soils used okleechnuyu or sprayed waterproofing.Recently gaining popularity protection of surfaces from moisture liquid rubber.Such a method is relevant not only for the basement in moist soil, but even for pools.

ventilation in the basement

ventilation in the basement - another important point, which is to focus.For a good and stable circulation of air currents in the walls of the basement should be done small holes.The ventilation system must be thoroughly thought through and planned at the stage of drawing schemes.Exhaust air can be natural or forced way.

In the first case, the movement of air is due to pressure difference.As is known, the air automatically moves from the low-pressure area to a high.In the apartments of apartment buildings is equipped with natural ventilation, so that you can easily understand what they mean.

to do the same system in the basement garage, do the following:

1. Take two tubes: one for fresh air from the street, the second - for the removal of waste from the basement.
2. the exhaust pipe near the ceiling and attach the output of the second end thereof to the level above the roof of the garage at 30-50 cm. As the warm exhaust air is always striving upwards, it will independently go through this tube out.The top of the pipe hole is recommended to close a fine mesh that there was no debris or insects.
   
3. the supply pipes are located at 5-10 cm above the floor level and the second end of its output on the outside and fix in 30 cm from the ground.It is also necessary to close the fine mesh.
4. Each of the pipes can be made sash that will regulate the air flow.

disadvantage of this ventilation system is that it does not work in the winter.This can be avoided if you insulate the pipes and periodically clean them from snow.The output of the pipeline can be made removable to facilitate maintenance.

Installation of forced ventilation is similar to that described above, except that the air circulation is not due to the difference in pressure and by fans installed in the pipes.This extractor does not depend on weather conditions and is more convenient to use.More information on this topic can be found in the article "Installation of ventilation."

Warming basement

Finally, when done with ventilation, you can start warming the basement garage.Making it mandatory, even if you plan to store there vegetables and preserves.If there is no insulation in it will be too cold, especially in the winter, and all of your harvesting and zaledeneyut simply spoiled.

popular insulation for basements is polystyrene.Plain polystyrene - a foam, the foam but it provides better protection and durability.Both are not afraid of moisture, which is important, and not rot.Styrofoam sheet thickness should be not less than 5 cm for good thermal insulation.

Important: If you place a heater inside the only inevitable condensation due to the difference of temperature and the wall of the internal space.If possible, Insulate basement outside to the dew point is not moved inside the walls.If this is not possible, leave a small ventilation space inside the walls, attach insulation to the crate and protection vapor barrier membrane.

ceiling in the basement garage also requires insulation.Exhaust air, heated, goes up and stumbles upon radiant cooling, resulting in condensation and what he brings, we already know.

We have tried to describe in great detail how to make a basement garage, but in each case the technology may differ.It depends on the scope of work, the soil characteristics and financial capability.

Finally suggest you familiarize yourself with a video of a cellar in the garage:

Basement Garage: photo