Building a basement in the house with his own hands - step by step instructions , and device tips

about finishing options, the specifics of the use (purpose) basement (basement) you can argue endlessly.Every homeowner - their priorities.However, all owners of private residential buildings converge in one - it is necessary, despite the fact that such a construction project cost increases substantially.

And it's not just the additional free space, which can be obtained via the basement of the building without increasing the dimensions of the perimeter.You receive a kind of "barrier" between the ceiling of the 1st floor and the ground, which greatly improves the microclimate in the home and reduce heating costs (based on the perspective - very much).

Before we deal with the technology of building a basement in the house, you need to understand, and what all the cellars are and what their fundamental difference.And it's not the size, interior design and so on, namely in the destination space.

Types cellars

heated

It can be equipped with anything - a home gym, a library, a small shop or a garage - enough options.The main advantage of such an engineering decision not to expand the useful area without changing the dimensions of the whole structure, and that the basement is heated.This significantly extends the maintenance-free service life of the foundation.Considering how much even a small (partial) reconstruction, the argument is more than significant.For those who are interested in self-repair of the structure foundation, we can recommend this article.It all discussed in detail.

Disadvantages warm basement

• store many kinds of food supplies in this room, based on the average temperature, will not work.
• construction cost increase.

unheated basement

This option is cheaper, since the installation of heating appliances, the laying of additional communication is not required.In fact, this is not the basement, a semblance of normal cellar.

These concepts are often confused, substituting one for the other, although it is not the same thing.In this case we are talking about the basement.

In the cold underground storage space can be arranged for most products.But other than that, it is suitable only for the storage of unnecessary (or frequently used) items, ie its operation is very limited.

Disadvantages cold basement

• On the foundation of this will affect not the best way.We'll have to think about it further warming, not only outside but also inside.And this - a certain complexity and costs.
• the bottom of the structure will be constantly wet, which will be reflected primarily in the state of overlap of the 1st floor and the temperature (humidity) in the rooms of the lower tier.
• In addition to the previous point - to maintain an acceptable microclimate in the house will have its intense heat, and season to open much earlier (all the same damp).Hence, the cost will increase in the item "heating".

Which option to choose, everyone decides for himself.Possibly at larger sizes basement it should be divided into sectors, wherein the heating system is not mounted in all the resulting "rooms", but only part of them, depending on the purpose.On the one hand, the increase in the construction costs (partition), but on the other - make a basement operation more convenient and efficient.

procedure of works on the construction

worth noting that regardless of the decision, the general method of performing all the operations with their own hands is unchanged, the only difference in some detail.The reason is that if a space is arranged under the structure, it is necessary to consider all the details just not to disturb the conditions necessary for the proper operation of the most costly part of the building - the foundation.

project

Build "by eye", without precise calculation is not recommended.Where to get it, discussed below.But in order to choose the best option, you first need to understand the difficulties that will be faced.

What

• determine soil characteristics.
• level of occurrence of water reservoirs (like identify, described here).
• depth of soil freezing.
• expected load on the home base.

And it's not all that will have to be taken into account in the calculation of the foundation parameters and choice of materials.

Construction pit

Trace area. whom as convenient - you can set pegs and pull cord (belt), or contours of the future structure of a thin pour a "track" of sand.The only thing to consider - the linear dimensions of the excavation should exceed the design parameters of at least 1.5 m in every direction.This is necessary for the convenience of work on the exterior of the foundation.

Excavation. Even if it works, "bucket", up to the final form of the basement will have to lead by hand.

«Pillow". on compacted soil poured a layer of ASG (or sand + fine gravel) and well compacted.This is necessary to compensate for possible movements of the soil.

What then do in the first place (basement floors or walls), the master decided depending on the materials selected, as the tape may be monolithic (grouting), of w / b blocks, plates.But the essence is the same: the floor is mounted on the base of plate technology, the walls - a belt-type.With self-production work is recommended to continue to carry out all the operations in the following sequence.

Mounting base

Pre-set formwork.When calculating its size must be taken into account the thickness of the walls of the basement.

Waterproofing. It is placed on the "cushion".It is advisable to use a membrane to a canvas just cover the entire surface (including a small turn-up on the walls of the future), although the most commonly used p / e film (thick) as a cheaper material.

fittings. Binding done by hand, in this manual.Recommended parameters for the basement: a cell side - the 150 bar section - 10 or 12 (mm).Feature - frame should be slightly raised above the base, therefore puts the bricks under it.

Fill solution. Recommendations more.Thickness -. Not less than 25 cm Even during mating frame must take into account that he and the top should not be up to the floor level by approximately 50 mm.As the filler, it is desirable to take or pebbles or crushed stone fines.Given the small thickness and the size of cells, such a solution is easier to compact.

Walling

several variants - supply the formwork and pour concrete, install the plates or blocks.The first - the cheapest.

What to consider

• necessary to leave openings - for the door (or doors), stairway.
• in the right places to set "bookmarks" (by pouring a solution).What is it and why?Trim the pipe (you can use asbestos cement or plastic).Through these "windows" is easy to reach and then route communications (pipes, cables).Otherwise you'll have to drill artificial stone, and it is far from easy.

Further basement finishing

Ventilation

Without it, can not avoid the damp, not only in the basement, but in the whole house.The options quite a lot, so we consider the easiest - natural, with 2 tubes.The first serves to supply air from the outside (fresh) and descends almost to the floor.Second on the contrary - it is located above the ceiling.Through it removes the air "waste", contaminated.Read more about the ventilation of the basement here.

Waterproofing

most quality protection from liquids - both inside and outside.Materials are selected based on financial possibilities.But two points should be noted. First , the best result is achieved with a comprehensive finishing the basement.For example, rolled material + mastic or impregnation. Second , you must be sure to mount the drainage system for the purpose of removing moisture from the foundation of the house.

Warming

Similarly waterproofing, but there is a feature.The main way of warming is finishing basement walls from the outside, but from within - as additional activities.

What recommend

Outside - polystyrene.It is because it is good to install permanent formwork.On sale there are several varieties of specimens - plates, blocks, panels.Plus use that material in this case, simultaneously performs three protective functions - from moisture, cold, and deformation due to ground displacement.

Inside is better to use as one of the types of foams.This will greatly simplify the further surface finishing.A cheaper option - the so-called "thermal insulation plaster."By itself, it "does not make the weather", but in combination with the material laid out, the effect will be good.

The article provides only general guidelines and algorithm of actions.The most acceptable technology identifies the owner, on the basis of personal experience, professionalism and financial capabilities.For example, if you raise the plinth (masonry), it is possible to increase the volume in the basement.

Note!

Building basement due to a number of difficulties, as has already been said.What to do to get a truly reliable design?Several options:

First , order the project to a specialized organization.Plus - the quality of workmanship is assured.Minus - the high cost of services.

Second , find the appropriate specialist and also arrange privately.Plus - it will be much cheaper.Minus - the guarantee that he is really professional level required, and then how to recover from it for defects and suffered property damage?

Third , choose a model project.On the Internet a great choice.The only thing to take into consideration - if copy (download) the only site known organization, which enjoys a good reputation.Otherwise, you can "bump".

But how exactly do is up to you, dear reader.