The floor in the garage with his hands

During the construction of the garage, special attention should be paid to the floor.If the surface will dampen, to allocate a lot of dust, it can not withstand the load - it will negatively affect the car safety.Make the floor in the garage with his hands in several ways, each of which has its advantages.The classic reasons to consider concrete screed, but are in demand, and other options floor: earthy, filler, wood and even tiled.

How to make ground floor

cheapest floor - ground.It does not require a financial outlay, has a very simple device, but it has low strength and strongly absorbs moisture.The coating can be done temporarily, if the budget for the construction is very limited.Also, this option is suitable for those who often uses the garage, and most of the time is on the move.

process everything earthen floor is very simple:

• when marking area for the foundation layer is removed the whole plant;
  

  removal of soil inside the garage

• after pouring cap inner space clearing and level;
• using tamping carefully compacted base;
  

  ramming

• when already mounted in the garage roof, the floor is poured layer of fat clay with a thickness of 10 cm;
• carefully tamped base.
  

  backfilling and compaction of clay

can do without clay, but it greatly increases the strength of the floor and provides good protection from moisture.

concrete floor

Concrete Concrete screed is the most popular cover in the private garage.Such a floor can withstand very strong and irregular load, is not afraid of fire, is resistant to various oils, solvents and gasoline, durable.Moisture concrete can pull, but the correct floor unit eliminates such risks.Although the volume of work is large enough and will require a lot of time and physical effort, the process is a simple technology.

Type concrete floor	additive Elastobeton A	Reinforcement	Branded strength	minimum thickness	Commissioning operation (temperature of 20 ° ± 2 ° C, relative humidity 90-100%)
Monolithic concrete slab	-	+	M200-M350 100mm		28 hours
concrete floor screed, with reinforcement	-	+	M200-M350	from 70mm	28 hours
concrete floors - Volume topping	+	- / +	M600-M700	from 40mm	7-8 hours
Reinforced concrete floors	+	- / +	M500-M550	from 40mm	7-8 hours
peskobeton Reinforced floors	+	- / +	M400-M500	from 40mm	7-8day
Concrete floors with a fiber (fiber concrete)	- / +	- / +	M200-M350	from 40mm	28 hours
Concrete mosaic floors	- / +	-/ +	M500-M550	from 40mm	7-8 hours

construction stages:

• manufacturing inspection pit;
• marking the floor level;
• soil preparation;
• filling with sand and gravel;
• laying waterproofing;
• reinforcement;
• floor filling.

All work is done after the completion of the construction of the garage, but before the start of interior decoration.

Step 1. Preparation of the pit

Inspection pit is not a compulsory element of each of the garage;it is necessary only to those who own repairs your car.Note that the hole should not be done at the site where the groundwater level is equal to 2.5 m. A place for it is usually chosen in the center of the room, departing from entering a certain distance.

determine the location of the hole, dig a pit.Its parameters are:

• width of 75-80 cm by 30 cm on the waterproofing;
• depth - height garage owner + 30 cm;
• length -. Car length + 1.5 m
  

  Waterproofing viewing hole

  

  Waterproofing viewing hole

on the ground mark the boundaries of the pit and start digging.During operation, you need to ensure that all the walls were vertical and straight as possible.After excavating the floor tamper seal, then poured a thin layer of clay and tamp again.Then the bottom of the pit veiled layer of roofing material, the edges of which a little plant on the wall.Over the roofing material is poured concrete mix at a height of 7 to 10 cm. Of concrete Top dub and allowed to dry.Lay a pit on the drying time of the solution is not necessary.

Step 2: Masonry walls

When the concrete in the pit hardened enough, it is possible to spread the wall.For these purposes, it is best suited red burnt bricks and blocks of aerated concrete.Perform masonry once around the perimeter of each wall can not be put separately.So, the first number is placed on a level, leaving between the walls of the pit and brick around 15-20 cm. The speaker solution immediately clean trowel to finish at the pit did not have to shoot down a frozen concrete.

All subsequent rows spread with an offset vertical joints, thus strengthening the wall.To remain vertical masonry, every 2-3 rows check level;at a time it is not recommended to erect more than 6 rows of bricks.The last row of bricks should be at 6-7 cm below the threshold level.Subsequently, on brick walls will be laid metal corner that should not protrude above the floor.

Step 3. Waterproofing pit

After two or three days, you can seal the pit wall on the outside.With cover and leave to dry primer using a long-handled roller dense brick surface.Further, mastic asphalt is heated and applied to the same roller on its wall a dense layer.Filling and sealing of free space behind the walls of the hole produced after drying putty.Scoring void soil layers should be mandatory tamper with, or under the concrete covering the earth gives way, and cracks.

Step 4. Marking the floor

markup makes laser or water level, the usual construction is not appropriate here.If you have a laser level the whole process takes a matter of minutes, but the water level markings will require more time.For the convenience of layout do at a distance of 1 m from the sub-floor, and then transferred to the zero mark.So, first up from the threshold measure out 1 m and put a pencil mark.Then one end of the level put to the label and the other adjacent to the wall, where the level of water in the tube will show the location of the next label.

Thus on each of the walls left by 2-3 marks;then from the top down beacons, measure 102 cm and also put a pencil mark.It remains only to beat off the line marking coated string, and zero is defined.

Step 5. Preparation of the base

In the process of building a garage, is indoor excess soil and construction debris.All this must be removed, after which further remove another layer of soil to a depth of 30 cm. The depth should be the same throughout the area, so all visible irregularities should be brushed off with a shovel.With the help of tamping carefully compacted the soil itself, then poured a layer of sand and clay 3-5 cm thick, shed water and again take up the rammer.The higher the density of the base, the stronger will be the floor.

Step 6. Construction of sand-gravel cushion

thickness of the gravel layer is 10 cm. If the garage is large, pour a layer of the desired thickness without additional measurements will be difficult, so you can simplify the task.To do this, the ground hammered wooden pegs desired height, arranging them in neat rows.Bombarded with gravel up to this level, it should be properly compacted, pull out the pegs and fill voids in the same gravel.

In a small garage can be done in another way: in each corner and in the middle of the wall at 10 cm is necessary to put a bright label.This technique will quickly fill up the gravel, without wasting time measurements.The next layer - the sand;it may be fine or coarse, even with clay impurities, but no large clumps and debris.Sand bed for more seal shed water and tamp again.Finally, check the ground plane large building level or rule, to avoid irregularities.

on sand poured gravel with a diameter of 40-50 mm, the thickness of this layer is about 5 cm. The surface is leveled, compacted, poured a small amount of sand andmoisturize.Once again, ram, being careful not to leave sharp edges.At the end of the foundation is poured lean concrete, the layer thickness of which is equal to 3 cm Knead lean concrete in the following proportion:

• 1 part cement;.
• 3 parts sifted sand;
• 6 small pieces of rubble.

This solution has a low strength, but perfectly evens the base under the screed.Concrete is poured onto crushed stone, is spread across the area of ​​the rule and allowed to dry.

Step 7. floor Waterproofing

When the concrete is dry, it is treated with a mixture of any primer.As a special waterproofing membrane applied, rolled materials, mastic asphalt and liquid rubber.Roofing felt, film, membrane spread out on the floor and the edge of the plant on the wall.Cloths placed necessarily overlap by 10 cm. Very often, roofing material is laid directly on the hot paste, then the fabric firmly bonded to the substrate and protects the floor from moisture.

Step 8. Reinforcement

need for reinforcement steel mesh with a mesh size of 10x10 or 15x15 cm. Cook it from the valve section 5 mm.The mesh stack so that between its edges and walls was about 5 cm. This is the distance you need to leave and on the perimeter of the observation wells.In addition, the mesh should be slightly raised above the surface, so the bars enclose a plastic or metal struts 2 cm.

Step 9. Installing beacons

To the floor was perfectlyeven, do you need to tie on beacons.These beacons may make metal corners, profile, but it's best to use steel pipes of small diameter, for example, 25 mm.To lock guides knead a little of the solution, and the tube itself abundantly lubricated with engine oil.Beacons must be placed in neat horizontal rows, the distance between which is equal to 1.2-1.5 m. Along the wall on the floor throw a handful of solution every 15 cm and placed them first pipe.With the level put it horizontally and simultaneously dub zero point.When the guides are installed, you should double-check their rank.For this level of lay perpendicular to the 2 or 3 of the lighthouse.

On the perimeter of the garage is necessary to leave small gaps between the screed and the walls of 1-2 cm wide and fill them with the damper band.This will help avoid damage to the coating shrinkage garage.It now remains to cook from the corners of the frame for a viewing hole.50x50 mm steel corner cut into 4 pieces and size holes are sealed by a rectangle.Ready frame primed and dried, and then placed on a brick wall.If you wish, you can paint the area with red lead - it will be an additional protection against corrosion.The weight of the concrete frame of the solution may be slightly deformed;To avoid this, the corners should be strengthened temporary struts of lumber.

Step 10. Fill screed

First you need to calculate the approximate amount of solution.To this end, the floor area multiplied by the height of the covering, which is equal to 5 cm. For example, if the area is 35 sq m., Then ties will require not less than 1.75 cubic meters of concrete.Preparing the solution in a ratio of 1: 3, and taking better cement brand 400-500, and classifying the sand can be replaced.

solution must be sufficiently thick and uniform, so should be very carefully stir.The finished mixture is poured between the beacons so that the solution covers them, and then a metal rule is carried along the pipe and pull together all the excess.The rule must be strongly pressed on both sides and keep evenly, while at the same time the surface of the screed is compacted and leveled.

1-2 days after pouring of screed should be carefully remove guides.Since the pipes have been oiled, this process does not require much effort.The grooves are filled from the beacons with the same solution and allowed to dry surface.To avoid cracking the floor is recommended to regularly moisturize;You can also fill the surface of moist sawdust and periodically sprayed with water.Days 10-12 sweep dust and the floor dries in the open state.On the complete drying of the concrete screed usually it takes about 4 weeks.

coating of ceramic tiles

This option is quite expensive, because high-quality floor tiles are expensive.But this floor looks great, is easy to clean, releases very little dust.The tiles must be purchased with a durability class of not less than 5, and if there is no heating in the garage, then the frost resistance.Laying recommended not earlier than 2 years after the construction of the garage, otherwise the cover is deformed shrinkage.

To work needed:

• primer;
• tile adhesive;
• ceramic tiles;
• trowel;
• level;
• plastic crosses for joints;
• grout.

Step 1. Preparation of the base

tiles laid on a concrete base.If roughing screed during operation has been damaged, it is necessary to close up all the irregularities grout, clean it from dust and covered by two layers of primer.