Installation of exhaust ventilation

If you notice that the windows in the house began to sweat heavily, the corners appear the dark mold stains and musty air and "heavy", then an urgent need to establish an exhaust ventilation system.In this article we will look at what threatens poor ventilation at home and how to make installation of the ventilation system of forced type by hand.

Why ventilation?

Ventilation space is necessary not only to residents of the home can feel comfortable, breathing the fresh air, however, and this is a very important factor.If the "used" air will have nowhere to go, the man doomed to feel a constant discomfort, sleepiness and may even acquire chronic diseases of the respiratory system.In particular, this risk are young children, which is still underdeveloped lungs.

But, as we have said, the trouble does not end there.In the process of life and living conditions in the house constantly evaporates moisture - from cooking, drying things, the soul, through the leaves of plants, etc.The sealed space with a "stand-up" air vapors settle on the walls, ceiling, furniture, significantly reducing their life.Due to insufficient or missing ventilation wall under the wallpaper or plaster are beginning to dampen, there is mold and fungus.As a result, not only liner collapses, but also bearing structures.The house is made of concrete or brick without ventilation will stay a little longer than wood, but the result will be one.And that such a small thing as the evaporation of water, did not cause the destruction of property, it should take care in advance of the installation of ventilation.

Types ventilation

There are several types of ventilation systems work on the principle.Before deciding to install one of them, you need to get acquainted with all the ins and outs, as well as the specifics of the installation.

Types of ventilation systems used in private homes and apartments:

1. Natural - air movement occurs due to pressure differences.Such a system can be seen in any high-rise building apartment - the air vents in the kitchen and in the bathroom, "suck" the exhaust air from the exhalations and outputted through the special pipe to the outside.
   
2. Forced ventilation - air traffic is due to the work of exhaust fans that remove it through the vents of the house.
3. Air handling - through some ventilation ducts by means of exhaust air fans, while other channels are "pumped" to the premises fresh air from outside.This type of system is the most effective and popular for private homes, but also the most expensive.
   

Selecting the ventilation system in the first place depends on the materials of which the house is built, its squaring, as well as the degree of purity of air from the outside (in the pump room is dirty polluted air is unlikely to be a good idea).If you live in a house made of wood, brick, or expanded clay in the area outside the city, where the air is clean and friendly, you can make natural ventilation.In all other cases, preferred the latter two types.The financial factor is also one of the dominant, but should save very carefully, so that later do not spend even a large sum for the overhaul to the regeneration exhaust ventilation at home.

Exhaust ventilation

In this article we will look at a mixed exhaust and ventilation systems, as they are more effective than natural, and more suitable for private homes.Forced ventilation type are essential in houses made of reinforced concrete, penopolistirolbetona and advanced SIP-panels (houses built on the Canadian technology).Recent need good venting most because specificity panel installation causes the complete sealing of the internal space (connection without seams and gaps).

Calculating ventilation

There are certain health rules that dictate the terms of use of any of the ventilation system.According to them, ventilation is normal if the exhaust air in the room is completely replaced with fresh twice per hour or more.Based on this, you must first calculate the ventilation, and only then buy equipment and make drawings.

First you have to determine ventilation rates.This parameter indicates how many times the air for 1 hour in the room changed.Multiplicity is dependent on the quadrature, functional purpose room, and a constant amount of people that is in it.For example, the home area of ​​50 m² and a ceiling height of 3 m will be equal to the volume of 150 cubic meters, and the ventilation capacity should be 300 cubic meters / hour with double air exchange.Multiplicity depends on the number of people that spelled out in detail in the corresponding SNP.For the average home, where a family of 3-4 people double air will be more than enough, but for the office with the same quadrature and 30 employees of ventilation is required many times more.

To determine the correct performance of the ventilation system, it is necessary to make two calculations: the number of people and multiplicity.

By the number of people in the room: L = N * L rules (L - the required ventilation capacity, measured in cubic meters / hour; N - the number of people in the room; L standards - air consumption by one person).

It should be noted that the air flow rate of a man have long counted, but, nevertheless, are approximate.Thus, in a state of rest (sleep, rest) a person consumes 20 cubic meters of air per hour, while the (work at a computer, paperwork, etc.) - 40 cubic meters, and during exercise - 60 cubic meters per hour.

by the multiplicity: L = n * S * H ​​(L - the required ventilation capacity; n - number of air SNIP (1 - for residential building, 2.5 - for a small office); S - area of ​​the premises or the total area of ​​all rooms;. H - height from floor to ceiling

When you find both results, select a higher value - that is the required power ventilation system Based on this figure, it is already possible to select the appropriate fan (some fans), but at the same time we must remember..that the air guide network resistance can provoke a decrease in performance coolers. This can be avoided if you find the dependence of the performance of the system on the pressure in the parameters of the purchased equipment, specified in the technical documentation.

The principle of

consider in more detail how the ventilation systemto understand how it can be constructed with their own hands and save at work.The principle of operation is quite simple: around the house airway tube made of two types - one pull exhaust air to the outside, the other inside the room sucked fresh air from outside through a special convector.This convector air is cooled (heated) and disinfected.

outdoor air disinfection is carried out ultraviolet lamp.Also, an additional filter of foam or santoninovy ​​(as in cars) can be installed in the convector.Proceeding into the room, fresh air creates pressure, coercive exhaust air with vapors to go through special ducts.

There is such a thing as heat recovery.But first, a little background.When they invented ventilation, and everyone started to install it in their own homes, with the arrival of the first winter suddenly there was a problem - the system is pumped into the cold frosty air and "kicked" all the heat outside.Of course, at times raised the cost of heating and electricity, a situation that required an urgent solution.He was the appearance of the recovery system, which allowed the use of heated air from the room to heat the fresh air from the street.

Sounds a bit confusing and complicated, but in fact the heat exchanger is a special box, in which a plurality of heaters, filters and belts.It is set to "output" of the exhaust air, whereby heat is reused, and reduces heating costs by 50%.In summer, the heat exchanger close to the house it was cool.The cost of purchased heat exchanger is quite low, but if you wish you can make with your own hands (more on this later).

Types motivation

Another important point that you should know in order to build good ventilation, - types of motivation of air masses.Simply put, allowing the air begins to move to the exhaust pipes.

There are two types of motivation:

1. Natural - ventilation is due to the difference of pressure in the home and on the street.The best solution is to put the supply air duct on the north side, because it is usually very windy.To enhance the flow of air deflector may also be used, which will increase the rate of 2-3.Bleeding better equip at the far end of the house, where it will begin a fresh air supply and distributing it to the rest of the premises.A significant drawback of this system is that the cold air from the street does not get warm, and you want to install an additional heat exchanger.
2. Mechanical - operating principle is almost the same as with a natural impulse, except that is cooler or the fan on the duct inlet.His task - to forcibly take away the fresh air and let him into the room.When the flow rate increases, which allows you to install air decontamination inside UV lamp and a heat exchanger with filters.The rate of removal of exhaust air also increases, therefore it is completely changing several times more than the natural impulse.

Ventilation with their hands

Perform installation of ventilation is possible even without professional skills.The main thing - to be able to handle the tool and to calculate the capacity of the equipment correctly.Depending on the calculation should be selected airway diameter pipes and fan performance.

After making all the calculations necessary to make ventilation scheme - the air intake (or more) with the cooler is on the north side of the house, and from the center channel are outlets in all the rooms.This channel can be equipped with heat recovery and filtration system.Filters should be installed behind the fan.air outlet, which supplies fresh air from outside should be placed close to the floor, and the intake - the ceiling (warm air is always striving upwards).

ventilation assembling

When the calculations and the design is finished and the equipment - purchased, you are ready to install ventilation.

Progress:

1. The outer wall of the house make the inlet and outlet openings for air ducts.
2. Prepare pipes for the installation of wall-mounted arrays.Nozzles should be equipped with check valves to prevent the ingress of small trash into the duct, moisture and insects.
3. Install pipes into the holes in the wall.
4. Secure the ventilation unit to the desired location.
5. Install ventilation ducts and combustion air supply and connect them to the AHU metal clamps.Ducts can use different: flexible aluminum or plastic pipes, air ducts with square or rectangular cross-section.
6. Make wiring the rooms supply and intake channels, screwing them to the wall or ceiling.If necessary, use connectors, tees, etc.The most convenient way to hold the channels in a suspended ceiling.
7. Install ventilation grilles in the walls or ceiling, placing the exhaust and supply air grilles in various corners of the room.

Recuperator

installation ventilation can save even more if you make a heat exchanger with his hands.This is an extremely useful piece of forced ventilation, so it is better to consider the need to install it.Its efficiency and financial benefit depends on the total amount of the annual maintenance of the system, energy prices and the approximate timing of the operating system.

The most common type is a plate heat exchangers.It can be made from a square plate of thick foil, aluminum or copper sheets, thin steel gofrolist, PCB or vapor-permeable membrane.

thermal conductivity of the material from which made the plate, does not affect the heat transfer processes in the recuperator.The number of plates is determined by the number of collected cartridges - sufficient for a 4 m².To improve the efficiency of the device required in the sheets 2 times with the same size cartridge.You can also make one large tape, but since it is difficult to remove from the condensate, and it requires a lot of space, this method is almost never used.

also to work you will need to fix the corner pillars and flanges.To use the rudder plates prooliflennuyu rail or technical cork.

To make the heat exchanger housing, you will need:

• sheet metal or plywood;
• MDF 2 cm thick;
• mineral wool, foam or other filter material (mineral wool cheaper all);
• silicone sealant;
• bar to make the frame;
• hardware.

Progress:

1. Carefully cut the sheet material for the plates into squares with a side of 30 cm to make them as smooth and uniform, it is better to lay down a few sheets in a pile and cut the power tool..For one cassette you will need 70 pieces.
2. on opposite sides of the squares of the glue pad yl slats or tubes, pre-cut into segments of 30 cm. Last square leave neprokleennym.Esli you use thin steel gofrolist, pads are not needed.
3. After drying glue glue squares in the drawer, smeared with glue pads.Apply sheets, turning each to the next of 90 °.
4. last plate without glue strips.Thus, you'll have a cassette with a multi-directional channels.
   
5. Fill in the gaps with sealant.
6. On both sides of the cassette to make a mounting flange.Keep in mind that it must be in one of the corners of the square the most stable and vertically to get the perfect diamond.
7. In the lower part of the cassette will drain the condensate, so it is necessary to make a drainage hole with drainage tube.
8. If you want to make more than one tape in a box, they should be of identical size, and their corners should fit tightly to each other without gaps.
9. Insert the cassette in a box, the length and height of the inner walls of which correspond to squares diagonally cassette, duct thickness must be equal to the thickness of the cassette.If they are few, increase the body size accordingly.
10. The walls of the box in front of the point on the tape where the fasteners are made under the flange connections, make holes.
11. Install the heat exchanger into the guides of the bracket, securing them to the walls of the box.Thus, you can remove the tape for cleaning and repair.

recommended to install elementary removable cassette filters to clean the air entering from the street.For this it is necessary to attach a thick layer of mineral wool 3-4 cm to the inner wall surface of the duct.Also for forced ventilation is better to install coolers with variable speed.

As you can see, make exhaust ventilation with his own hands is not so difficult if you understand the theory and to buy all the necessary materials.In this case you can save a considerable amount on the installation and you will know exactly how the system works in your home, so can repair and clean it completely independently.