Features and circuit of fluorescent lamps

Today, the market is the lamp of different types and costs.Each of them has its own technological and consumer characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.The most popular today are considered fluorescent lamps.We consider this topic in more detail.

species lamps

following types of lamps:

1. incandescent devices
2. Halogen.
3. LED.
4. Fluorescent.

Consider a little more each.

Devices incandescent

For a long time these lamps were not worthy competitors.Today, of course, the situation is different.As to the form of products, it may be different.The same applies to the power that depending on the type of the device ranges from 15 to 270 watts.

Light bulbs that are produced today are krypton or coiled-coil.The first uses an inert gas krypton.The minimum capacity of these articles 400 and a maximum of 100 watts.Unlike conventional lamps, they have a large light output.

Much luminous and coiled-coil lamps that give light flows through the filament complex curved tungsten filament.

Incandescent regardless of their type may have a different surface.It can be transparent, matte or mirror.

Halogen lamps

They give beautiful saturated colors, so often used in the interiors in ethnic style.The articles may have different shape.These lamps are not only used for general lighting, but also to highlight separate parts.

There are several types of lamps:

1. Wall.
2. Suspended.
3. Point.
4. Embedded.
5. Rotary.
6. fixed.

LED lamps

The advantages of these lamps include:

1. Low power consumption.
2. relatively low cost.
3. High luminous efficiency.
4. Long service life.

There are variations of products that do not need to run wiring.They operate on battery or solar-powered.These lamps can be operated at a temperature of from -30 to +50 degrees.

Fluorescent lamps

These products have recently become more popular.They give a soft and diffused light.Power fluorescent lamps can range from 8 to 80 watts.They function due to UV radiation of the gas discharge in the phosphor.Such products require less electricity to operate, so save your money.Models of appliances that come under the usual cartridges E14 and E27, are widely used for lighting of private and apartment houses.With the availability and popularity of fluorescent lamps to buy today will not be difficult.

If you compare device incandescent and fluorescent lamp of the same power, then the final light flux is 7-8 times more.In addition, such products can last much longer.Among the shortcomings should be noted that such devices are sensitive to temperature changes, and they can sometimes flicker.

Types of fluorescent lamps

differ by only seven types of fluorescent lamps:

1. Natural light with improved color rendering (rings).
2. Daylight with improved color reproduction 1 (MDC).
3. Cold natural light (LHB).
4. cool white (LHB).
5. Warm white (LTB).
6. Daylight (LD).
7. white (LB).

Each different brand of phosphor used.

In form they can be:

• straight,
• in the form of a ring.

Direct gas-discharge lamps are.The pressure in these devices is very low.They consist of a glass tube (cone) and two caps with pins.In addition, a pair of cathodes made of tungsten wire or steel tube.The cavity is filled with mercury vapor lamp and the inert gas.The light output of the product directly affects the length of the tube.These lamps are installed in the premises of public transport and homes.

devices in the form of a ring can be used in virtually any environment.Due to the small size of the tube, this lamp is convenient to use in lamps flat shape.Quality and durability - the main characteristics of fluorescent lamps.The price of such lights usually acceptable.Most often they are used to illuminate a large area of ​​the premises.

Characteristics of fluorescent lamps

advantage of these lamps need to note the following:

1. bulb temperature is not as hot as incandescent lamps.
2. resistant to small voltage drop.
3. long service life, which is much greater than that of incandescent devices.
4. Large color range.It allows you to use them in almost any environment.
5. These lamps provide the same light flux, but spend almost four times less energy than incandescent fixtures.

Their main disadvantages are the following facts:

1. Poor performance at a fluorescent lamp 0 or below.
2. Upon reaching high temperatures decreases the flow of light.
3. The flask contained approximately 40-60 millimeters of mercury.Therefore, a constant presence in the room with such devices can harm health.
4. There are energy-saving fluorescent fixtures.Their work is similar to conventional fluorescent lamps.Only they have a much smaller area of ​​the bulb.

Compared with incandescent lamps, they have several advantages:

1. Require 80% less electricity for the same amount of light.
2. There is a possibility to choose the color of the glow.There
3. cost savings due to a long service life.
4. long service life.Its exact value depends on the type of lamp.

Driving and operating procedure

First of all, I must say that it is not correct to call lamp and appliance, which consists of the following components:

1. lamp.
2. starter.
3. choke.

to the instrument formed the category, not enough voltage of 220 volts.The fact that there is gas inside the bulb, which is not an electrical conductor.For the occurrence of charge requires that the ionization of the gas has occurred.For this purpose, just intended starter.That's it for a couple of seconds heats the electrodes located in different parts of the lamp.Upon heating of the electrode surface with electrons flying away from it.Then, due to the presence of electric fields, electrons are moving in a direction opposite electrode.However, they occasionally fall into the gas atoms.As a result

ionized gas that increases the number of free charges within the lamp.At this point, the flask appears electrocharge.As a result, the collision of electrons with mercury atoms causing ultraviolet glow that is not visible to our eyes.Then it is applied by means of phosphor on the inner surface of the device (mixture of phosphorus with other particles) is converted into visible light.When the electrical discharge created electrocharge able to tend to their own to maintain the necessary level of ionization.Therefore, this electrode for heating is not required.

Wiring using EmPRA

scheme fluorescent lamp:

electromagnetic ballasts or EmPRA often referred to simply choke.This scheme is actively used to connect the luminescent devices in the Soviet period.It is important that this power corresponds to the total power circuit connected thereto lamps.

operating principle is as follows.When you turn on the power to the starter motor is the emergence electrocharge.In this closed-circuit bimetallic electrodes.This results in a current in the starter circuit and electrodes, which is limited only by the internal resistance of the choke.Due to this three-fold increase in operating voltage lamp.The electrodes in this case almost instantaneously heated.With this cooling occurs bimetallic starter contacts and the circuit is opened.With the emerging self-inductance choke launches special high-voltage pulse.Whereby discharge occurs in the gas medium, and this leads to the ignition of the lamp.Further, the voltage is not enough to re-circuit the starter electrodes.Therefore, the lamp is lit, the starter with open contacts is already inactive work.

Wiring with electronic ballast

electronic ballasts or electronic ballasts delivers voltage to the device, other than the network frequency, namely the frequency current value of 25-125 kHz.This avoids the flickering of the lamps, which can be unpleasant for the human eye.Used herein Autogenerating diagram of the output stage includes a transistor and a transformer.Wiring diagrams are usually applied on the front of the unit.

ballasts has several significant advantages.Thus, they increase the lifetime of fluorescent devices.This is achieved thanks to a special regime run.In operation, there is no unpleasant noise, and glare.If we compare this with the previous scheme, it can save up to 20% of electricity.Furthermore, there is no starter, namely, it often fails.Today there are special models to adjust the brightness and with dimming.