Oven bubafonya own hands

heating of private households need not only accommodation.Many owners can not imagine a single day, not to work, for example, in a workshop or garage, but without the local heating in the winter in these buildings will be very uncomfortable.Heating may be necessary and in private households - greenhouses, buildings for livestock and poultry.

held at such buildings heating circuit from the house - is extremely difficult and wasteful.It is better to provide for the installation of stoves that can heat their will as necessary solid fuel - wood, sawdust, coal and etc .Variants of such heaters - many, and many of them are different and economical, and easy to use.Stoves can be purchased in stores, but a good boss will always be able to do it and independently.One such common crafts - oven bubafonya own hands.

name « bubafonya » sounds for the uninformed reader is somewhat unusual, but between popularity of this stove is very high.This is explained by the fact that it

circuit device is quite simple and very bubafonyu can be attributed to the long burning stoves, fuel economy, and does not require constant add it to the furnace.

This publication is considered the prototype bubafoni , principle it works, how to calculate basic parameters and how you can build a stove even from auxiliary materials.

basic principles furnace operation bubafonya

name « bubafonya » gone from network nick « bubafonja », which is owned by the Russian master Athanasius Bubyakin with distant Kolyma.It is not known whether he first created a homemade furnace of similar design, but it is his model, assembly experience which he shared on the Internet, it has become a kind of "hit", the basis for imitation, the basis for their own developments and improvements for many home craftsmen.

According to the majority, the prototype for such development served as boiler design long burning Lithuanian company « Stropuva », has won wide popularity and Russian homeowners.

Boilers « Stropuva » produced enough wide range of models, from S7 to S40 (the figure shows the heating power in kilowatts).However, all are characterized by a special form of - narrow elongated vertical cylinder.This is not a whim of designers - such a structure is defined by the principle of operation of the boiler long burning.Downloaded it solid fuel and ignited, and burns from top to bottom.This is achieved by the fact that the air required for the oxidation is supplied only a thin top layer load.

On scheme is a schematic diagram of boiler « Stropuva ».

• combustion chamber (8) is loaded solid fuel ) wood, sawdust, coal , briquettes ) through a special window (6).
• ignition of the upper layer is usually carried out using flammable liquids.Then, on this layer lowers the air distribution device (7).It can have a cruciform shape with special deflectors for air supply to a certain depth of the combustion bed.

There are models with a distributor in the form of a cross, and in recent years have been widely used discoid - you never know, can it has been borrowed from the designers' Stropuva »itfrom « bubafoni », since such a change was made after the publication of her scheme.

• to oven worked steadily supply air requires a certain preparation - heated to about 400 ° C.This proce ss etc. ohodit in a special chamber (2).In the same chamber is a special switch mode - damper (4) with the provisions of "coal" or "wood".
• heating chamber is connected to a telescopic tubular air distributor channel (5) which extends as far as the lowering of the combustion zone.

• Management burning intensity carried damper (1), which regulates the amount of air entering the combustion zone.In this case, it happens automatically - set bimetallic spring that changes its shape depending on temperature heating
• Since « Stropuva » designed specifically for the heating system, it is provided a heat exchanger (water jacket) with spigots the return (11) and the hot water outlet (10).
• The hatch (9) is mounted to the bottom of the housing inspection and cleaning of the boiler of the combustion residues.

Burning upper fuel layer with metered air intake results in addition to the direct heat transfer to release pyrolysis gases, afterburning which, after boiler will in normal modework carried out in the upper part of the cylinder, the air above the distributor.After that, the exhaust gases are vented into the chimney hole (3).

In fact, it turns boiler combined, combining both processes direct fuel combustion, pyrolysis and afterburning in a closed volume.

similar scheme and tried to bring the Russian craftsman.The main problem was to supply the telescopic assembly complexity of manufacturing and distribution of air in the burning device layer.However, a very original solution was found.

• very complicated air valve was replaced by massive disc - "pancake" from the bottom of which baffles are welded from metal profiles - sill or corner.Thus creating channels for maximum uniform gas distribution on the surface .This "pancake" of its weight presses the burning layer and under the influence of gravity is lowered gradually as the fuel consumption.
• Now duct.He was not made telescopic and unibody, a single piece of pipe welded to the "pancake" air distribution.Thus, the very air intake channel also gradually descends - it turns a kind of piston and rod moving in the cylinder.For the free movement of air pipe in the stove top cover Cut a hole of appropriate size and shape, so that it will not hamper the free course of the construction, but, yet , did not leave too big a gap for the "leaks" from the outside air.

too dense obturation, by the way, at this point, and is not required - certain amount of oxygen needs to get to the top of the stove and the camera - that it is necessary for afterburning pyrolysis gases.

cover is made so that it fits snugly against the maximum cylindrical body bubafoni .The air flow is regulated by valve installed at the end of the duct.

In the upper part of the body is welded pin connection for output of products of combustion, which is connected to chimney pipe.

Thus, the circuit is very simple and seemingly uncomplicated - it is possible to produce the stove of any materials at hand. So it is, in principle, is, but if you approach the matter with the maximum seriousness, and to achieve the highest efficiency performance and heating capacity should be guided by the recommendations for the calculation of the heating device

furnace bubafonya theirhands - expect basic parameters

basic dimensions of parts and components that directly affect the performance of the oven, shown in the diagram.

Unless able to find ready-made drawings for manufacturing such a device, you need a calculator and do some calculations own.

1. Dimensions stove , ie the diameter of the housing ( D) and its height (H) , must lie in a certain proportion.The optimal ratio of 1 : 3 to 1 : 5. Engineering heat engineering calculations show, that too narrow furnaces incoming air just goes of the combustion zone and is released into the flue pipe, that gives significant loss of power unit.If the furnace is too broad to make, the closer to the walls of the combustion housing is difficult to achieve good.Will burn only the central portion of the fuel tabs, damn at this point necessarily prosyadet and jam, the combustion process will stop.It is considered optimum furnace diameters of 300 to 800 mm.

2. Δ - wall thickness body.This option is especially important if the stove is planned to "dress" in a water jacket, turning it thereby boiler.In this case you should navigate to the thickness of 4 to 6 mm.

In case oven will serve only for the local heating of the direct heat transfer space, the wall thickness can be lower - bubafoni often made of conventional steel drums.However, this necessarily leads to power loss - thin walls give large area temperature drop over the "pancake" and may be lost or significantly reduce the effectiveness of afterburning pyrolysis gases.In addition, fiery gases bubafone enough to seep through the narrow gap between the "pancake" and the walls, giving them a strong thermal effect, why thin sheet metal can burn quickly.However, if use metal about 2.5 mm, for example, if body bent from a sheet, then to heat the garage or workshop of this thickness would be sufficient.

3. parameters of the air distribution device .It is a mistake to believe that they are limited only by the diameter of the cut "pancake» - important and its thickness as well as the this part must have good heat capacity - it is in this area is carried out final heating supply air.

So, to start - diameter disc. Calculations show that the optimum gap between it and the wall of the stove is the value With = 5% D .For example, if the inner diameter of the cylinder housing is 400 mm, the gap needs to 20 mm on each side, and obtain the "pancake» Ø 360 mm.

thickness of pancake ( σ ) practice turns is inversely proportional to its diameter.Excessively heavy unit simply gives way to the combustion zone, to extinguish the fire, but not too easy will reliable clamping.And it can end ignition of the fuel, or even reverse the burning, the flames of the year will be released through the supply air pipe and air supply go through the chimney.

approximate thickness of steel "pancake" is shown in table

internal furnace cylinder diameter (D)	blank "pancake" thickness (σ)
300 mm	8 ÷10 mm
400 mm	6 ÷ 8 mm
60 mm	4 ÷ 6 mm
800 mm	2,5 ÷ 4 mm

height ribs are welded ducts (channels, angles or steel strips).There is no clear linear relationship, but you can navigate to the following values.

internal furnace cylinder diameter (D)	Height duct edges (h)
300 mm	40mm
400 mm	50mm
600 mm	60 mm
800 mm	80mm

If made Jilin etc. etc. ugogo diameter, that the lschinu easy to calculate proportionally, bringing its , of course, to the standard thicknesses produced metalsheets.

However, if you want to make a really efficient stove, it is better to perform them in the form of a bent in a clockwise direction of the blades - Air path in this case is increased, improving the uniform combustion of the fuel on the surface,and, moreover, it appears directed turbulent flow, which contributes to the fullest afterburning pyrolysis gazov.Vazhna and the construction itself posed by air channels.The most simple - a cross-shaped arrangement of the side sills to the desired height shelves.

A air distribution is - sample how to do in any case is not necessary.The edges of the "pancake" is not treated, the metal is very thin, and corner shelves, contrary, extremely high.In fact, the whole effect is lost bubafoni - most likely, such a detail lead to extensive burning fuel bookmarks.

4. next most important characteristic - diameter outlet chimney, and if more precisely , its cross-sectional area (on the scheme - S ) .

This parameter pp asschityvaetsya professionals for complicated formulas that take into account a lot of characteristics.However, practical experience in the use of such furnaces allow some simplification of the procedure for settlement , and calculations can be carried out independently.

basic formula: S = 1,75 E

- S - cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney pipe

- E - stove energy output per unit time (kW / h )

itself magnitude E determined by the following formula: E = M × e

- M - weight batch of fuel in the stove.

- e - specific heat of a particular type of solid fuel.

Weight Share calculated , based on the volume working part of the stove and the type of fuel weight paving, ie .its specific weight per unit volume .

M = Vf × mf

- Vf - volume fuel stove compartment (dm).

- mf - Share fuel ratio (kg / l).

Indicators e and mf are reference values.For example, the data for some common types solid fuel listed in the table:

type of solid fuel	mf - specific bookmarks ratio kg / l	e - specific heat, kW / h